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2015 考研英语二真题及答案
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank
and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or
even looking at -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us
seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1
underground.
It's a sad reality -- our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings
-- because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.
But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the
4 : "Please don't approach me."
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?
One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach.
We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,".
We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to
us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared
with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our
phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our
happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”
But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and
look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists
Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable:
Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When
Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to
15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought
their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times
summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience,
after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been
snubbed."
18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with
those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings
thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make
you feel connected.
1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record
2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much
3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought
4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign
5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from
6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched
7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed
8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar
9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry
10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn
11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring
12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay
13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation
14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers
15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design
16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride
17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up
18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence
19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas
20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rare
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually
more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol,
which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at
home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.
“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well
as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, ” writes one of the
researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work,
she notes.“ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at
work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children
and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside
the home have better health.
What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work
when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home
from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back.
For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women
who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household
tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well
behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it’s not
surprising that women are more stressed at home.
But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what
they’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they
have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee
puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out lifesustaining moola.
On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the
household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid
out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most
of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their
labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with
complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You
cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.
So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are
the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home_____
[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace
[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement
[C] generated more stress than the workplace
[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation
22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?
[A] Childless wives
[B] Working mothers
[C] Childless husbands
[D] Working fathers
23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____
[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office
[B] their home is also a place for kicking back
[C] there is often much housework left behind
[D] they are both bread winners and housewives
24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____
[A] skills
[B] energy
[C] earnings
[D] nutrition
25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____
[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment
[C] household tasks are generally more motivating
[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded
Text 2
For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those
who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range
of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout
rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance
economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities
have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a
paradox” in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many
of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and
widen, rather than close” ab achievement gap based on social class,
according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal
Psychological Science.
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential
solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a onehour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap
(measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other
students.
The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings
are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at
an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a
parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation
students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for
undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of
the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.
Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big
impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most
lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the
issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several
authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the
achievement gap.
Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class
culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage
of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when
collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different
groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge
how social class can affect students ’educational experience, many firstgeneration students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not
understand how students’ like them can improve.
26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______
[A] reduced their dropout rates
[B] narrowed the achievement gap
[C] missed its original purpose
[D] depressed college students
27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______
[A] the problem is solvable
[B] their approach is costless
[C] the recruiting rate has increased
[D] their finding appeal to students
28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______
[A] study at private universities
[B] are from single-parent families
[C] are in need of financial support
[D] have failed their collage
29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______
[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
[B] can have a potential influence on other students
[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______
[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class
[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
Text 3
Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has
gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20
years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started
spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500
companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like
journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were
objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very
“team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports—in maledominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious;
it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together.
There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of
themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”
These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as
Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation
of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit
organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion,
and purpose,” said Khurana.
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated
amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of
the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women
still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has
become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack,
bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office
and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to
devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then
working long after the kids are in bed.
But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it,
but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly
absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the
same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally
indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out
how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.
31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____
[A] more emotional
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