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2014 年考研英语二真题及答案
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each
numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normalweight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those
who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being
overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to
develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly,
being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.
Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult
to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body
mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often
considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over
30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately
obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.
While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is
probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI
are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For
example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese,
though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small
frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.
Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight
are sometimes_15 _in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_
with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for
success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to
harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down
on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in
schools.
Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_
in health concerns, have
stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_ .My own hospital system has banned
sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss
and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20
_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national
security threat.
1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured
2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome
3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore
4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example
5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern
6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of
7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies
8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part
9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward
10. [A]
11. [A]
12. [A]
13. [A]
14. [A]
15. [A]
16. [A]
17. [A]
18. [A]
19. [A]
20. [A]
so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless
shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste
start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay
strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant
option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency
employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored
[B] combined [C] settled [D] associated
Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only
despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded
discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies
for [B] against [C] with [D] without
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each
text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40
points)
Text 1
What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria
Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tinroofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in
history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of
fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn
and Michael Norton.
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the
most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of
great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet
satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was
once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to
spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting
trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often
become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they
involve feeling more connected to others.
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery
winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people
would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more
time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the
average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly
jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than
purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are
consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the
availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork
sandwich into an object of obsession.
Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about
fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in
wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link
between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich
and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of
most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy
ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax
incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from
this book believing it was money well spent.
21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most
rewarding purchase?
[A]A big house
[B]A special tour
[C]A stylish car
[D]A rich meal
22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is
[A]critical
[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic
[D]ambiguous
23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that
[A]consumers are sometimes irrational
[B]popularity usually comes after quality
[C]marketing tricks are after effective
[D]rarity generally increases pleasure
24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money
[A]has left much room for readers’criticism
[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us
[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement
25. This text mainly discusses how to
[A]balance feeling good and spending money
[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries
[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries
Text 2
An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research
says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a
deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a
number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above
average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of
us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at
getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.
We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations.
We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to
others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.
Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key
studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people
simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an
original photogragh of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had
been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the
study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively
with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose
a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was
really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in
responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must
(that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture
were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those
who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real
directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher
self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence
of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally
thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won’t be selfenhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s study,it makes sense that why
people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t
even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook
therefore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most
flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle
it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—
Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.
26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that
______.
[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high
[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect
[C] our need for leadership is unnatural
[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective
27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______
[A] rapid watching
[B] conscious choice
[C] intuitive response
[D] automatic self-defence
28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______
[A] underestimate their insecurities
[B] believe in their attractiveness
[C] cover up their depressions
[D] oversimplify their illusions
29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_____.
[A]instinctively
[B]occasionally
[C]particularly
[D]aggressively
30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because
people can _____.
[A]present their dishonest profiles
[B]define their traditional life styles
[C]share their intellectual pursuits
[D]withhold their unflattering sides
Text 3
Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of
sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make Americans feel uncomforuble and
embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a
devastating ( 毁灭性的) tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is
likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But
judging form recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and
crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears
are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.
Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears.
Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological
responset, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that
enhance survival.
Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to clicit
assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding
of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite
enough, more likely than tears to gain attention, So, it appears, there must be
something special about tears themselves.
Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct
role in alleviating stress, University of Minnesota researchers who are
studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two
important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in
tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure
to =cut onion would contain no such substance.
Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness
of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.
At Tulane University’s Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr.Peter Kastl and his
colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure
to medication(药物), to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why
it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome and the
effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to
environmental pollutants.
At Columbia University Dt.Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for
clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained
painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to
perform highly refined analyses.
31. It is known from the first paragraph that ________.
A) shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to American
B) crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedy
C) crying usually wins sympathy from other people
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