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2012 考研英语二真题及答案
Section I USE of English
Directions :
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and
mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)
Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the
symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To
the men and women who
1 in World War II and the people they
liberated ,the GI.was the 2 man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn
away from his home ,the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle ,who slept in
cold foxholes,who went without the 4 of food and shelter ,who stuck it out
and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not
someone well paid ,
5
an average guy ,up
6
the best trained ,best
equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.
His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7 Government
Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8 to soldiers .And Joe? A common name
for a guy who never 9 it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class
name.The United States has
10 had a president or vicepresident or
secretary of state Joe.
GI .joe had a
11 career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean
troops . He appers as a character ,or a 12 of american personalities, in the
1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent
Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayde themselves in the film.
Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the warl, writing about the dirtsnow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were
captured or liberated, His reports 16 the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and
Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the
18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians:
coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.
19
Egypt, France, and a dozen
more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important
person in their lives.
1. [A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed
2. [A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal
3. [A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded
4. [A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes
5. [A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence
6. [A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against
7. [A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming
8. [A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down
9. [A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed
10. [A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither
11. [A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished
12. [A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony
13. [A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned
14. [A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human
15. [A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted
[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired
[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea
[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond
[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that
point
Section Ⅱ Reading comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. answer the question after each
text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40
points)
Text 1
Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many
parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts
across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their
thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an
inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced
courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s
academic grade.
This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from
impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But
the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be
assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the
district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework
because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication
that standards need to be lowered for poor children.
District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling:
teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework
counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half
their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some
students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but
what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their
homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than
empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy
imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.
At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions
about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its
students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the
assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if
homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not
assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.
The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which
is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and
conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework
right.
21. It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.
[A] is receiving more criticism
[B]is no longer an educational ritual
[C]is not required for advanced courses
[D]is gaining more preferences
22. L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor
students_____.
[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education
[B]have asked for a different educational standard
[C]may have problems finishing their homework
[D]have voiced their complaints about homework
23. According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.
[A]discourage students from doing homework
[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards
[C]undermine the authority of state tests
[D]restrict teachers' power in education
24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about
homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated
[B]it counts much in schooling
[C]it places extra burdens on teachers
[D]it is important for grades
25. A suitable title for this text could be______.
[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy
[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
[C]Thorny Questions about Homework
[D]A Faulty Approach to Homework
Text2
Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the
colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is
intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may
celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity
to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds,
between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking
around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and
interests.
Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in
their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American
Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th
century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white
as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil
them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as genderneutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually
considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was
associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary,
constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant
children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began
to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at
least for the first few critical years.
I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our
perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their
psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was
something experts developed after years of research into children’s
behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of
childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing
manufacrurers in the 1930s.
Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to
increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant
wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common
shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage.
Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way
to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to
magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously
exist.
26. By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.
[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood
[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence
[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination
[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests
27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?
[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.
[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.
[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.
[D]White is prefered by babies.
28. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological
development was much influenced by_____.
[A]the marketing of products for children
[B]the observation of children's nature
[C]researches into children's behavior
[D]studies of childhood consumption
29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised
to_____.
[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes
[B]attach equal importance to different genders
[C]classify consumers into smaller groups
[D]create some common shoppers' terms
30. It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.
[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency
[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers
[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen
[D]well interpreted by psychological experts
Text3
In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core.
Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20%
of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes
were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology
Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was
just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.
On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals
court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed
holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer.
The chief executive of Myriad , a company in Utah , said the ruling was a
blessing to firms and patients alike.
But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the
courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over
Critics make three main arguments against gene patents : a gene is a
product of nature , so it may not be patented ; gene patents suppress
innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to
genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree.Last year a
federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October
the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case , arguing that an
isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres
that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”
Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered.
For example , it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome
violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the
Supreme Court.
AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater
impact.companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA
molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now
studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to
determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are
eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for
the BIO.
Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought
by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The
BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on
the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.
31. it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would
like----A. their executives to be active
B. judges to rule out gene patenting
C. genes to be patcntablc
D. the BIO to issue a warning
32. those who are against gene patents believe that---A. genetic tests are not reliable
B. only man-made products are patentable
C. patents on genes depend much on innovatiaon
D. courts should restrict access to gene tic tests
33. according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for---A. establishing disease comelations
B. discovering gene interactions
C. drawing pictures of genes
D. identifying human DNA
34.By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that
-----
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