2011考研政治真题及答案

Manipulator is now used as a industria l robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industria l automation. Industria l automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in indus trial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other indus tries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, hig h radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the sta ff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programma ble logic controller) is in various special circumsta nces and under special conditions set for mecha nical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware softwa re and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a omation standa rds. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardwa re is complete, and programming tha t can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industria l PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repea ted operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let desig ners on in school by learn of has a must of cons olidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world ra nge within some lea ding level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope desig ners can in yihou of design in the can success of us ing in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanica l arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanica l arm on the Grand stage of industria l automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standa rds, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator pos ition control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materia ls simple movements. Second generation mecha nica l arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a c 2011 考研政治真题及答案 一、单选题 1，我国数学家华罗庚再一次报告中以“一支粉笔多长为好”为例来讲解他所倡导的选法，对 此，他解释道：“每支粉笔都要丢掉一段一定长的粉笔头，但就这一点来说愈长愈好。但太 长了，使用起来很不方便，而且容易折断。每断一次，必然多浪费一个粉笔头，反而不合 适。因为就出现了粉笔多长最合适的问题——这就是一个优选问题 所谓优选问题，从辩证法的角度看，就是要 A 注重量的积累 B 保持事物质的稳定性 C 坚持适度原则 D 全面考率事物属性的多样性 2，社会存在是指社会的物质生活条件，它有多方面的内容，其中最能集中体现人类社会 性质的是： A 社会形态 B 地理环境 C 人口因素 D 生产方式 3，马克思把商品转换成货币称为“商品的惊险的跳跃”，“这个跳跃如果不成熟，坏的不是 商品，但一定是商品占有者”。这是因为只有商品变为货币 A 货币才能转化为资本 B 价值才能转化为使用价值 C 抽象劳动才能转化为具体劳动 D 私人劳动才能转化为社会劳动 4，邓小平指出：“社会主义究竟是个什么样子，苏联搞了很多年，也并没有搞清楚，可能 列宁的思路比较好，搞了个新经济政策，但是最后苏联模式僵化了”，列宁新经济政策关于 社会主义的思路之所以“比较好”是因为： A 提出了比较系统的社会主义建设纲领 B 根据俄国的实际情况来探索社会主义建设的道路 C 为俄国找到一种比较成熟的社会主义发展模式 D 按照马克思恩格斯关于未来的设想来建设社会主义 5,1927 年大革命失败后，党的工作重心开始转向农村，在农村建立革命根据地，则革命 根据地能够在中国长期存在和发展的根本原因是 A 中国是一个政治、经济、文化皆发展不平衡的半殖民地半封建社会 B 良好的群众基础和革命形势的继续向前发展 C 相当力量正式红军的存在 D 党的领导及其正确的政策 9，从 1984 年到 1989 年的 80 年间，中国人民对外来的侵略进行了英勇顽强发的反抗， 但历次的反侵略战争，都是以中国的失败，中国政府被迫签订丧权辱国条约而告终，从中 国 内部分析，其根本原因是： A 军事战略错误 B．社会度的腐败 社会度的腐败 全面落实企业主体责任；持续强化两“重点一重大、”重点地区和特殊作业等重点环节监管，遏制较大以上事故，保持事故总量继续下降，推动两个行业领域安全生产形势持续稳定好转。 manipulator control mode and programma ble controllers introduction 2.1 Select discuss ion with manipula tor control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industria l equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industria l equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the subs tantial increase in the level of industria l automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industria l automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Dis tributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Log ical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contras t 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardwa re there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich softwa re res ources, especia lly the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for indus trial automatic ins trument used to control, whereas now it is success fully developed into industrial control computer used as a centra l collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corres ponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulk ing system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocess or in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logica l Controller (that is Manipulator is now used as a industria l robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industria l automation. Industria l automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in indus trial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other indus tries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, hig h radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the sta ff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programma ble logic controller) is in various special circumsta nces and under special conditions set for mecha nical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware softwa re and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a omation standa rds. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardwa re is complete, and programming tha t can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industria l PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repea ted operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let desig ners on in school by learn of has a must of cons olidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world ra nge within some lea ding level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope desig ners can in yihou of design in the can success of us ing in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanica l arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanica l arm on the Grand stage of industria l automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standa rds, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator pos ition control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materia ls simple movements. Second generation mecha nica l arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a c C．社会度的腐败 经济技术的落后 D．社会度的腐败 思想观念的保守 10，1953 年 9 月，彭德怀在一份报告中说，抗美援朝战争的胜利证明：西方侵略者几百 年来只要在东方一个海岸上架起几尊大炮就可霸占一个国家的时代一去不复返了。这场战 争的胜利： A．社会度的腐败 结束了西方列强霸权主义的历史 B．社会度的腐败 打破了美国军队不可战胜的神话 C．社会度的腐败 奠定了民族独立人民解放的基础 D．社会度的腐败 赢得了近代以来中环民族反抗外敌入侵的第一次完全胜利 11，社会主义法律在国家和社会生活中的权威和尊严是建设社会主义法治国家的重要条件。 法律权威式就国家和社会管理过程中法律的地位和作用而言的，是指： A．社会度的腐败 法德强制性 B．社会度的腐败 法德不可抗性 C．社会度的腐败 法的合理性 D．社会度的腐败 法的规范性 12，法律的指引作用主要是通过授权性规范、禁止性规范和义务性规范三种规范形式来实 现的，其中，义务性规范是告诉人们： A．社会度的腐败 不得或者不准做什么 B．社会度的腐败 可以或者有权做什么 C．社会度的腐败 应当或者必须做什么 D．社会度的腐败 能够或者不能做什么 13，道德的功能是指道德作为社会意识的特殊形式对于社会发展所具有的功能，其中最突 出也是最重要的社会功能是 A 辩护功能 B 沟通功能 C 调节功能 D 激励功能 14，理想作为一种精神现象，是人类社会实践的产物。理想源于现实，又超越现实，在现 实中有多种类型。从层次上划分，理想有 A 个人理想和社会理想 B 道德理想和政治理想 C 生活理想和职业理想 D 崇高理想和一般理想 15，2010 年 10 月 1 日，“嫦娥二号“卫星在西昌卫星发射中心发射升空并成功”奔月”，实 现了我国 A 深空探测“零的突破” B 首次月球软着陆和自动巡视勘测 C 首次月球样品自动取样返回探测 D 运载火箭直接将卫星发射至缔约转移轨道等多项技术突破 16，2003 年 3 月，美国率其盟友发动了长达 7 年之久的对伊拉克战争，给伊人民造成了 沉重灾难。2010 年 8 月 19 日，美军最后一批作战部队从伊拉克撤离。这表明，美国在多 重压力下 A 调整军事部署 B 改变先发制人战略 全面落实企业主体责任；持续强化两“重点一重大、”重点地区和特殊作业等重点环节监管，遏制较大以上事故，保持事故总量继续下降，推动两个行业领域安全生产形势持续稳定好转。 manipulator control mode and programma ble controllers introduction 2.1 Select discuss ion with manipula tor control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industria l equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industria l equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the subs tantial increase in the level of industria l automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industria l automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Dis tributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Log ical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contras t 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardwa re there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich softwa re res ources, especia lly the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for indus trial automatic ins trument used to control, whereas now it is success fully developed into industrial control computer used as a centra l collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corres ponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulk ing system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocess or in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logica l Controller (that is Manipulator is now used as a industria l robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industria l automation. Industria l automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in indus trial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other indus tries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, hig h radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the sta ff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programma ble logic controller) is in various special circumsta nces and under special conditions set for mecha nical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware softwa re and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a omation standa rds. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardwa re is complete, and programming tha t can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industria l PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repea ted operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let desig ners on in school by learn of has a must of cons olidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world ra nge within some lea ding level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope desig ners can in yihou of design in the can success of us ing in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanica l arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanica l arm on the Grand stage of industria l automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standa rds, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator pos ition control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materia ls simple movements. Second generation mecha nica l arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a c C 专项本土反恐为主 D 放弃单边主义 二、多选题 17、1971 年迪斯尼乐园的路径设计获得了“世界最佳设计”奖，设计师格罗培斯格却说： “其实那不是我的设计”，原因是在迪斯尼乐园主题工程完后，格罗培斯格暂停修乐园里的 道路，并在空地上洒上草种，五个月后，乐园里绿草茵茵，草地上被游客走出了不少宽窄 不一定的小路，格罗培斯格根据这些行人踏出来的小路铺设了人行赋了“优雅自然、简洁便 利、个性突出”的优秀设计，格罗培斯格设计智慧我们认识和实践活动的启示： A 、要从生活实践中获取灵感 B、要尊重群众的实践需求 C、不要对自然事物作任何改变 C、要对事物本来面目做直观反应 18.在资本主义社会里，银行垄断资本和工业垄断资本密切地融合在一起，产生了一种新 型的垄断资本，即金融资本。在金融资本形成的基础上，产生了金融寡头。金融寡头操纵 控制社会的主要方式有 A．社会度的腐败 通过“参与制”实现其在经济领域中的统治 B．社会度的腐败 通过同政府的“个人联合”实现其对国家机器的控制 C．社会度的腐败 通过政策咨询机构影响和左右内外政策 D．社会度的腐败 通过新闻媒体实现国民思想意识的统一性 19.2008 年由美国次贷危机引发了全球性的经济危机，很多西方人感叹这一经济危机，从 根本上仍未超出一百多年前马克思在（资本论）对资本主义经济危机的精辟分析，马克思 对资本主义经济危机科学分析的原创性主要是 A 指明经济危机的实质是生产相对过剩 B 提示造成相对过剩的制度原因是生产资料的资本主义私有制 C 指出经济危机的深层根源是人性的贪婪 D 强调政府对经济危机的干预是摆脱经济危机的根本出路 20、19 世纪中叶，马克思恩格思把社会主义由空想变为科学，奠定这一飞跃的理论基石 是 A 阶级斗争说 B 劳动价值论 C 唯物史观 D 剩余价值论 21 在社会主义中国化的过程中，产生了毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系，这两 大理论体系一脉相承主要体现在，二者具有共同的 A 马克思主义的理论基础 B 革命和建设的根本任务 C 实事求是的理论基础 D 和平与发展的时代背景 22.社会主义市场经济体制是社会主义基本制度与市场经济的融合，这一他特点既具有社 会主义制度特征，有具有市场经济的一般特征。社会主义市场经济体制体现社会主义制度 特征的方面主要表现在 A．社会度的腐败 在所有制机构上，以公有制为主体、多有制经济共同发展 B．社会度的腐败 在分配制度上，以按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存 全面落实企业主体责任；持续强化两“重点一重大、”重点地区和特殊作业等重点环节监管，遏制较大以上事故，保持事故总量继续下降，推动两个行业领域安全生产形势持续稳定好转。 manipulator control mode and programma ble controllers introduction 2.1 Select discuss ion with manipula tor control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industria l equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industria l equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the subs tantial increase in the level of industria l automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industria l automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Dis tributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Log ical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contras t 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardwa re there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich softwa re res ources, especia lly the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for indus trial automatic ins trument used to control, whereas now it is success fully developed into industrial control computer used as a centra l collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corres ponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulk ing system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocess or in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logica l Controller (that is Manipulator is now used as a industria l robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industria l automation. Industria l automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in indus trial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other indus tries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, hig h radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the sta ff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programma ble logic controller) is in various special circumsta nces and under special conditions set for mecha nical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware softwa re and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a omation standa rds. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardwa re is complete, and programming tha t can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industria l PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repea ted operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let desig ners on in school by learn of has a must of cons olidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world ra nge within some lea ding level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope desig ners can in yihou of design in the can success of us ing in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanica l arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanica l arm on the Grand stage of industria l automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standa rds, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator pos ition control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materia ls simple movements. Second generation mecha nica l arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a c C．社会度的腐败 在宏观调控上，以实现最广大劳动人民的利益为出发点和归宿 D．社会度的腐败 子啊资源配置上，以市场为手段， 市场的基础性作用 23.毛泽东指出：“国家的统一，人民的团结，国内各名族的团结，这是我们争取一定要胜 利的基本保证。”这一思想对于我们在新的历史条件下处理民族关系方面的意义有 A.民族关系始终是我们这个多民族国家至关重要的政治和社会关系 B.民族问题始终是建设中国特色社会主义必须认真解决的一个重大问题 C.巩固和发展各民族的团结关系到国家统一和边疆巩固 D.加强和巩固各民族的团结是实现中华民族伟大复兴的必然要求 24.改革、发展、稳定好比现代化建设棋盘上的三个紧密关联的战略性棋子，第一步下好 了，相互促进，就会全局皆活：如果有一着下不好，其他两步也会进入困境，还可能全局 受挫。改革开放以来，党在处理改革、发展、稳定关系方面积累需要原则包括 A.保持改革、发展、稳定在动态中的相互协调和相互促进 B.把实现社会稳定座位促进改革、发展的根本出发点 C.把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可以承受的程度统一起来 D.把不断改善人民生活作为处理改革、发展、稳定关系的重要结合点 25、做大分好社会财富这个“蛋糕”始终是我国政府面临的重大任务。做大“蛋糕”是政府的 责任，分好“蛋糕”是政府的良知、合理调整收入分配关系、分好社会财富这个“蛋糕”是： A、实现社会公平的重要体现 B、解决当前收入分配领域突出问题的需要 C、实现共同富裕的内在要求 D、为了使人民共享改革发展的成果 26.辛亥革命是我国近代史上一次比较完全意义上的资产阶级民主革命，这次革命 A.提出了平均地权，耕者有其田的重要原则 B.建立了中国近代史上第一个资产阶级政党 C.制定了比较完整的资产阶级民主革命纲领 D.结束了封建君主专制制度，建立了资产阶级共和国 27、第二次世界大战期间，明确规定将台湾、澎湖列岛归还中国的有关的是： A 《德黑兰宣言》德黑兰宣言》 B《德黑兰宣言》开罗宣言》 C《德黑兰宣言》雅尔塔协定》 D、《德黑兰宣言》彼茨坦公告》 28.延安整风运功是一场伟大的思想解放运动。这一运动最主要的任务是反对主观主义。 主观主义的主要表现形式为 A.教条主义 B.形式主义 C.经验主义 D.宗派主义 29、中国共产党根据马克思列宁主义关于农业社会主义改造的思想，从我国的实际出发， 开创了一条有中国特急的合作化道路，成功地实现了对个体农业的社会主义改造，其历史 经验主要有（ ） A 国家用先进的技术和装备发展农业经济 B 遵循自愿互利、典型示范和国家帮助的原则 C 在土地改革后不答时机地引导个体农民走互助合作道路 D 采取从互助到初级社再到高级社 的逐渐过渡形式 30、刑法的基本原则是指刑法特有的在刑法的立法、解释和适用过程中所必须的具有全局 性、根本性的准则，我国刑法明文规定的基本原则有 A、罪刑法定原则 B、疑罪从无原则 C、罪刑相当原则 D、适用刑法一律平等原则 31 有位科学家曾说过：“法律必须被信仰，否则等于形同虚设。”这句话表明一个人只有从 全面落实企业主体责任；持续强化两“重点一重大、”重点地区和特殊作业等重点环节监管，遏制较大以上事故，保持事故总量继续下降，推动两个行业领域安全生产形势持续稳定好转。 manipulator control mode and programma ble controllers introduction 2.1 Select discuss ion with manipula tor control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industria l equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industria l equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the subs tantial increase in the level of industria l automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industria l automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Dis tributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Log ical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contras t 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardwa re there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich softwa re res ources, especia lly the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for indus trial automatic ins trument used to control, whereas now it is success fully developed into industrial control computer used as a centra l collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corres ponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulk ing system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocess or in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logica l Controller (that is Manipulator is now used as a industria l robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industria l automation. Industria l automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in indus trial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other indus tries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, hig h radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the sta ff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programma ble logic controller) is in various special circumsta nces and under special conditions set for mecha nical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware softwa re and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a omation standa rds. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardwa re is complete, and programming tha t can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industria l PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repea ted operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let desig ners on in school by learn of has a must of cons olidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world ra nge within some lea ding level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope desig ners can in yihou of design in the can success of us ing in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanica l arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanica l arm on the Grand stage of industria l automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standa rds, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator pos ition control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materia ls simple movements. Second generation mecha nica l arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a c 内心深处真正认同、信任和信仰法律，才会自觉维护法律的权威，由此可得 A 法律的内在说服力是法律权威的内在基础 B 法律权威不可能完全建立在外在强制力的基础之上 C 法律信仰与宗教信仰没有本质的区别 D 法律信仰是法律制定和执行的根本依据 32、2010 年 1015 日至 18 日，中国共产党第十七届中央委员会第五次全体会议在京举 行，全会审议通过的《德黑兰宣言》中共忠言关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十二五个建设的建议》强 调，在当代中国，坚持发展是硬道理的本质要求，就是坚持社会主义更加关注： A 以人为本 B 全面协调可持续发展 c 统筹兼顾 D 保障和改善民生，促进社会公平公正 33.2010 年 4 月 13 日，胡锦涛主席在核安全峰会上发表题为《德黑兰宣言》携手应对核安全挑战共同 促进和平与发展》的讲话，强调中国本着负责的态度，高度重视核安全，坚决反对核扩散 和核恐怖主义，为此作出了一系列积极努力，其中包括 A.全面加强核安全能力 B.严格履行核安全国际义务 C.重视并积极参与国际核安全合作 D.积极向发展中国家提供核安全援助 三、主观题 34. 1， 从实践是人和自然关系的基础的角度说明为什么“垃圾是放错地方的资源？”5 分 2， 运用矛盾分析方法说明“没有退路就多想出路”5 分 35. 1， 从“打橄榄球”和“唱大合唱”的形象比较中，说明我国政党制度的特点和优点 5 分 2， 我国各民主党派在社会主义建设中如何发挥参政议政的作用？ 5 分 36. 1，为什么说中国共产党的成立“是开天辟地的大事变”？ 4 分 2，结合中国共产党成立以来中国社会变革的历程，说明“主义”和“信仰”是怎样成为“力量” 的？ 6 分 37. 1， 如何理解“给人温暖就是给自己幸福”？ 6 分 2， 为什么说郭明义的先进事迹是“简单中的伟大“？ 4 分 38. 针对材料中所反映的西方某些人士对中国的“捧”与“批”，谈谈什么是“真实的中国”以及中国 的责任是什么。 10 分 参考答案： 一、单选题 1, C 坚持适度原则 2, D 生产方式 3,D 私人劳动 4，B 实际情况 5，A 大国 6，B 组成部分 7, A 本质属性 8, A 繁荣市场 9, B 社会制度****10,B 美国 11,A 强制性 12,C 应该 13,C 调 节 14,A 社会理想 15,D 技术突破 16,A 调整军事多选 二、多选题 17AB 18BD 19ACD 20ABC 21BCD 22ABCD 23ABC 24ABCD 25AB 26AB 27AB 28ABCD 29ABC 30ACD 全面落实企业主体责任；持续强化两“重点一重大、”重点地区和特殊作业等重点环节监管，遏制较大以上事故，保持事故总量继续下降，推动两个行业领域安全生产形势持续稳定好转。 manipulator control mode and programma ble controllers introduction 2.1 Select discuss ion with manipula tor control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industria l equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industria l equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the subs tantial increase in the level of industria l automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industria l automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Dis tributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Log ical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contras t 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardwa re there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich softwa re res ources, especia lly the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for indus trial automatic ins trument used to control, whereas now it is success fully developed into industrial control computer used as a centra l collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corres ponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulk ing system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocess or in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logica l Controller (that is