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2009 考研英语一真题及答案
Section I Use of English
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank
and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart
humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in
the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than
the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn
longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.
Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more
fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual
7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of
the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .
Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this
new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species
we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own
intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.
Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments
animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,
14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15
animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our
faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what
intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 ,
they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the
world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.
1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine
2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened
3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer
4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority
5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward
6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along
7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual
8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think
9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different
10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward
11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs
12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across
13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply
14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance
15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest
16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach
17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with
18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise
19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile
20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better still
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text1
Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on
auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not
choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the
19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries
a negative connotation.
So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity
and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we
consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even
entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new,
innovative tracks.
But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are
worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we
deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass
those old roads.
“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says
Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change
consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to
‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however,
that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational
thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says.
Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity
to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally,
relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the
brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of
thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and
procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and
collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American
belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of
the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s
a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what
you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where
developing new habits comes in.
21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being
A. casual B. familiar C. mechanical D. changeable.
22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be
A. predicted B. regulated C. traced D. guided
23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning to
A. tracks B. series C. characteristics D. connections
24. Ms. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ?
A, prevents new habits form being formed
B, no longer emphasizes commonness
C, maintains the inherent American thinking model
D, complies with the American belief system
25. Ryan most probably agree that
A. ideas are born of a relaxing mind
B. innovativeness could be taught
C. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas
D. curiosity activates creative minds
Text 2
It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his
paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he
needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local
drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.
More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become
available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief
operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More
than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in
price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.
Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted
children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many
passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a
family’s geographic roots .
Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending
it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with
whom to compare DNA.
But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being
hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster,
a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many
ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most
ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome
inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed
down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only
one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back
people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14
other great-great-grandparents.
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the
reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some
companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump
together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA
database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In
addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships
may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.
26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________.
[A]easy availability
[B]flexibility in pricing
[C] successful promotion
[D] popularity with households
27. PTK is used to __________.
[A]locate one’s birth place
[B]promote genetic research
[C] identify parent-child kinship
[D] choose children for adoption
28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.
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