2019年公共管理硕士（MPA）联考英语样题

　(Time：180 minutes)

　　Part I Structure and Vocabulary(20%)

　　Directions：There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C，and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.

　　The woman does not mind ___ in the bedroom.

　　A. her husband` s smoking

　　B. her husband`s smoke

　　C. her husband to have a smoke

　　D. her husband to smoke

　　2. I realized that she was the woman ___ the world event on yesterday` s TV program.

　　A. reported

　　B. having reporting

　　C. to report

　　D. reporting

　　3. Mary told me that you were going to make a long journey to Australia，____?

　　A. didn`t you

　　B. weren`t you

　　C. wouldn`t

　　D. hadn`t you

　　4. He knew clearly that there was nothing he could do ____

　　A. but to wait

　　B. but waiting

　　C. but wait

　　D. but to have waited

　　5. ____ your help，we would not have fulfilled the task in time.

　　A. But for

　　B. Because of

　　C. In spite of

　　D. Apart from

　　6. ____，we turn on the air-conditioner.

　　A. It is a hot day

　　B. Being a hot day

　　C. It is being a hot day

　　D. The day being hot

　　7. “Mr. Jackson left for Columbus，Ohio long ago.” “Oh，that`s a pity. I wish _____ ”

　　A. I`d meet him

　　B. I` d have met him

　　C. I` d met him

　　D. I` 11 meet him

　　8. No sooner had we reached the railway station __ it started to rain.

　　A. when

　　B. while

　　C. then

　　D. than

　　9. Accustomed to climbing trees，_____

　　A. I had no difficulty reaching the top

　　B. Reaching the top was not hard to me

　　C. The top was not difficult for me to reach

　　D. To reach the top was not a problem for me

　　10. Peter likes watching TV __ to the cinema.

　　A. more than to go

　　B. more than going

　　C. than going

　　D. rather than to go

　　11. Mr. Wang studied the __ carefully before he signed the agreement.

　　A. conditions

　　B. charges

　　C. prices

　　D. terms

　　12. It took the old lady almost three months to _____ her illness.

　　A. get over

　　B. go over

　　C. get through

　　D. go through

　　13. It` s beyond any doubt that human beings cannot __ a nuclear war.

　　A. endure

　　B. maintain

　　C. survive

　　D. sustain

　　14. Bob` s strange behavior aroused the __ of the police.

　　A. suspicion

　　B. opposition

　　C. pity

　　D. anxiety

　　15. We pay great attention to the weather because it ____ us in many ways-what we wear，what we do，etc.

　　A. effects

　　B. affects

　　C. serves

　　D. benefits

　　16. The secretary was so upset that it took quite a long time to her.

　　A. criticize

　　B. praise

　　C. comfort

　　D. annoy

　　17. Mary is a nice girl _____ sometimes she is a bit careless.

　　A. except

　　B. except that

　　C. in that

　　D. but that

　　18. The famous scholar is a ____ person，those who know him all speak highly of him.

　　A. respective

　　B. respectful

　　C. respectable

　　D. respecting

　　19. Mrs. Smith said that she did not want to _____ any further responsibilities.

　　A. take on

　　B. get on

　　C. look up

　　D. catch up

　　20. Women were ____ the right to vote until the 20th century.

　　A. ignored

　　B. declined

　　C. deprived

　　D. denied

　　Part II Reading Comprehension(50%)

　　Section A(40%)

　　Directions：There are 4 passages in this part. Each Passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C，and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage：

　　There is a lot of argument between people who believe in the truth of old weather rhymes(韵文)and people who are reluctant to believe in them. The first group thinks the rhymes are helpful，but many others say that they are just silly devices that are more confusing than useful. For example，one rhyme says，“Red sky at morning，sailors take warning. Red sky at night，sailors` delight. ` What would it mean?The disbelievers ask，if a red sky at night was followed by a moon with a ring around it?

　　Are you supposed to discard one of the signs?Or perhaps you should dismiss both signs as an oddity of nature. Probably the best idea is to admit that it is an illusion that rhymes can predict the weather and go to bed.

　　In spite of these problems，people who believe in weather sayings continue to take them seriously. Sometimes they are actually unhappy when the signs do not tell them what they want to hear. On February 2，if the groundhog(美国土拨鼠)comes out of its den，sees its shadow，and returns to the den，believers are saddened because there will be six more weeks of winter. However，if the groundhog happens to come out of its den on February 2 and stay out，the same people rejoice，for it is a sign of the arrival of spring. This is enough to make some believers bribe the groundhog to stay outdoors until February 3.

　　However，there are some folk beliefs about the weather that really seem to work.

　　Grandma` s aching joints have long served as a painful but fascinating way to foresee a change in the weather.

　　Nevertheless，some scientists say there is nothing foolish about this belief. The pain that penetrates each joint is brought about by a change in air pressure，such as the change that proceeds a storm.

　　Maybe some of these old superstitions have a Basis in fact. In any case，it would nt be ruinous to your health and you would not offend anyone if the next time you see a sign of storm danger，like birds roosting on a telephone line，you run for shelter. Even eminent scientists sometimes act superstitiously.

　　21. According to an old weather rhyme，a red sky at night means that

　　A. cold weather will be set in soon

　　B. it is dangerous to go sailing the next day

　　C. there is no storm coming

　　D. rain will soon be coming

　　22. The author holds that weather rhymes

　　A. should not be taken seriously

　　B. are extremely helpful in predicting the weather

　　C. have a scientific basis

　　D. are more confusing than useful

　　23. According to some weather signs，if the groundhog sees its shadow and returns to its den，it means that

　　A. spring is round the corner

　　B. spring is still far away

　　C. the groundhog has been bribed

　　D. the groundhog has not been bribed

　　24. We learn from the passage that a storm follows a change in

　　A. humidity

　　B. temperature

　　C. air pressure

　　D. moisture

　　25. The following statements are true EXCEPT

　　A. prominent scientists are sometimes superstitious

　　B. flocks of birds roosting on a telephone line signify stormy weather

　　C. Groundhog Day is February 2

　　D. the pain in a person` s joints is probably caused by a change in blood pressure

　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage：

　　How should gifted children be identified?Parents may not be able to identify gifted children;they do not have suffieient basis for comparison. Their observations may be distorted by their ambitions. However，they may be able to furnish details about the child`s early development that indicate to the diseerning teacher or psychologist the presence of superior ability.

　　Teachers who are familiar with the characteristics of gifted children and who have a chance to observe children in an informal and challenging environment can give evidence that is valuable in identifying the gifted. Teachers have daily opportunity to observe how skillfully children use language，how quickly they see relations，how sensitive they are to things in their environment，how readily they learn，how easily they remember. Moreover，gifted children usually show outstanding resourcefulness and imagination，sustained attention，and wide interests.

　　Classroom and playground also offer opportunities to identify children who get along exceptionally well with others and handle frustrating situations with exceptional maturity. It is most rewarding to study children`s interaction in groups. However，teachers have been given little help in using these daily opportunities to identify and educate the socially gifted.

　　Like parental observation，teacher observation also has its pitfalls. Some teachers have a tendency to overrate the abilities of docile，obedient，conscientious children. Others fail to recognize potential giftedness that is suppressed by emotional conflicts or by boredom with dull，routinized，teacher-dominated situations.

　　26. According to the author，parents __

　　A. are very important to experts in identifying gifted children

　　B. are usually objective in identifying gifted children

　　C. are not very reliable in identifying gifted children

　　D. are more helpful than teachers in identifying gifted children

　　27. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a gifted child?

　　A. Imagination

　　B. Jealousy

　　C. Sensitivity

　　D. Curiosity

　　28. The word “handle” in the third paragraph can be replaced by

　　A. alter

　　B. face

　　C. take in

　　D. deal with

　　29. The author thinks that in identifying the socially gifted children，it is worthwhile to

　　A. observe their interaction in groups

　　B. measure their sensitivity to problems

　　C. determine their scholastic aptitude

　　D. study their flexibility of ideas

　　30. The last paragraph tells the reader that ____

　　A. teachers are as incapable of identifying gifted children as parents

　　B. teachers often Cio not get along well with gifted children

　　C. teachers sometimes make biased observations in identifying gifted children

　　D. teachers very se[dom make mistakes in identifying gifted children

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：

　　Einstein`s earliest political activity came during the First Worm War，when he was a professor in Berlin. Sickened by what he saw as the waste of human lives，he became involved in antiwar demonstrations. His advocacy of civil disobedience and public encouragement of people to refuse conscription(征兵)did little to endear him to his colleagues. Then，following the war，he directed his efforts toward reconciliation and improving international relations. This，too，did not make him popular，and soon his politics were making it difficult for him to visit the United States，even to give lectures.

　　Einstein`s second great cause was Zionism(犹太复国主义)。Although he was Jewish by descent，Einstein rejected the biblical idea of God. However，a growing awareness of anti-Semitism(反犹太人主义)，both before and during the First World War，led him gradually to identify with the Jewish community，and later to become an outspoken supporter of Zionism. Once more unpopularity did not stop him from speaking his mind.

　　His theories came under attack;an anti-Einstein organization was even set up. One man was convicted of inciting others to murder Einstein(and fined a mere six dollars)。

　　But Einstein remained calm：when a book was publishedentitled 100 Authors Against Einstein，he retorted，“If I were wrong，then one would have been enough!” In 1933，Hitler came to power. Einstein was in America，and declared he would not return to Germany. Then，while Nazi militia raided his house and confiscated his bank account，a Berlin newspaper displayed the headline “Good News From Einstein-He`s Not Coming Back. ”In the face of the Nazi threat，Einstein renounced pacifism，and eventually，fearing that German scientists would build a nuclear bomb，proposed that the United States should develop its own. But even before the first atomic bomb had been detonated，he was publicly warning of the dangers of nuclear war and proposing international control of nuclear weaponry.

　　31. During the First World War，Einstein

　　A. turned a blind eye to the waste of human lives

　　B. remained openly hostile to his government

　　C. called on his colleagues to go to war and fight for their own country

　　D. urged his government to resort to conscription to get an adequate army

　　32. Einstein` s attitude toward the First World War and Zionism

　　A. was dramatically changed when it became under attack

　　B. was slightly changed by the persuasion of his fellow countrymen

　　C. made him an enemy of some of his fellow countrymen

　　D. earned him the respect of his fellow countrymen

　　33. It can be concluded from the passage that Einstein __

　　A. was a very pious Christian

　　B. was too naive in politics

　　C. achieved a great success in politics

　　D. did not believe in God

　　34. By saying：“If I were wrong，then one would have been enough!”，Einstein meant that

　　A. he was fighting for a righteous cause

　　B. those 100 authors were good for nothing

　　C. those 100 authors were bribed by the Nazi regime

　　D. he was much more competent than those 100 authors

　　35. When Einstein decided not to return to Germany，the media

　　A. felt frustrated

　　B. was delighted

　　C. became furious

　　D. kept silent

　　Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage：

　　While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing，it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners，the arts，literature，and philosophy，and may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact，it may operate in any field of group life，apart from the technological and utilitarian area and the area of the sacred. Its operation requires a class society，for in its essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society like a primitive group，or in a caste(社会等级)society.

　　Fashion behaves as a movement，and on this basis it is different from custom which，by comparison，is static. This is due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation(仿效)。In a class society，the upper classes or so-called social elite(精英)are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately below them，who，in turn，are imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure. This process gives to fashion a vertical descent. However，the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable，by reason of the imitation made by others，and hence is led to adopt new differentiating criteria，only to displace these as they in turn are imitated. It is primarily this feature that makes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion，once launched，moves to its doom.

　　As a movement，fashion shows little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered. While it occurs spontaneously and moves along in a characteristic cycle，it involves little in the way of crowd behavior and it is not dependent upon the discussion process and the resulting public opinion. It does not depend upon the mechanisms of which we have spoken. The participants are not recruited through agitation. No morale is built up among them. Nor does the fashion movement have，or require，an ideology. Further，since it does not have a leadership imparting conscious direction to the movement，it does not build up a set of tactics. People take part in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them.

　　36. It is known from the first paragraph that __

　　A. fashion operates in every society

　　B. fashion can be found only in a few fields of group life

　　C. fashion originates in a class society

　　D. people like to keep up with fashion in a primitive society

　　37. According to the author，which of the following people usually lead a new fashion?

　　A. Philosophers

　　B. Artists

　　C. Writers

　　D. The social elite

　　38. The following statements are false EXCEPT

　　A. fashion，as a movement，is static

　　B. a fashion is destined to disappear once it is launched

　　C. a fashion will never vanish once it is introduced

　　D. the upper classes play a little role in making fashion into a movement

　　39. According to the author，a fashion movement __

　　A. will eventually develop into a social organization

　　B. has little in common with other movements

　　C. has a powerful leadership guiding it

　　D. has a set of symbols and values

　　40. It can be inferred from the passage that a fashion movement

　　A. is a form of expressive behavior

　　B. contributes a great deal to the way of crowd behavior

　　C. can boost the morale of its participants

　　D. functions in the same way as specific social movements

　　Section B(10%)

　　Directions：Read the following passage and then give short answers to the five questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

　　If the technological revolution continues to have its effects，there will be fewer and fewer jobs available，particularly to schoolleavers and those over the age of fifty. If there are only half the number of jobs in the future，men and women will have to share them. Two people will therefore work only twenty hours each instead of the forty they are currently accustomed to. It is a wellknown fact that those who suffer from stress at work are often not high-powered executives but unskilled workers doing boring，repetitive jobs，especially those on production lines. Unemployment often has a similar effect on its victims. If we wish to prevent his type of stress and the depression(沮丧)that frequently follows long periods of it，we will have to find ways of ducating people to cope with this sudden increase in leisure time.

　　Many have already turned to pills and tablets to combat sleeplessness and anxiety，two of the symptoms of long-term stress and depression. In America，we spend $ 650 million a year on different kinds of medicines. We swallow a staggering(大的惊人的)three million sleeping tablets every night. Although these “drugs of the mind” can be extremely useful in cases of crisis，the majority of patients would be better off without them.

　　The boredom and frustration of unemployment are not the only causes of stress：poor housing，family problems，overcrowding and financial worry are all significant factors. Nevertheless，doc- tors believe that if people learnt to breathe properly，took more exercise，used their leisure time more actively and expressed their anger instead of bottling it up，they would not depend so much on drugs，which treat only the symptoms and not the cause of the stress. If doctors refused prescriptions more often and discouraged patients with minor ailments from visiting the clinic，the country would have more money to spend on improving leisure facilities and adult education，which are at present inadequate in many parts of the country. Moreover，doctors would have more time to spend on those patients in real need of their help.

　　41. Will the technological revolution provide adequate employment opportunities for school leavers if it continues to have its effects?

　　42. How many hours do people work a weak at present?

　　43. What will happen to a person if he suffers from long-term stress and depression?

　　44. How many causes of stress does the author list in the passage?

　　45. If people want to reduce stress and depression，what attitude should they take according to some doctors?

　　Part III English-Chinese Translation(15%)

　　Directions：Read the following passage carefully. Then translate it into Chinese.

　　Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

　　Politics are those varieties of human interaction that decide who gets what，when，and how. Political behavior is goal-seeking behavior. The “whos，”“whats，”whens，“and ”hows“ of politics vary with time，place，and situation;but the basic goal-seeking nature of political interaction remains constant. Moving one step further，a political system can be defined as a collection of men or groups who interact in their goal-seeking pursuits. Political systems could，for example，include individuals interacting iff pursuit of influence in any organization，in interest groups，or in parties interacting in pursuit of influence over governments，and could include states interacting in the pursuit of influence over the world environment.

　　Part IV Writing(15%)

　　Directions：In this part，you are asked to write a composition entitled My Favorite Subject(我最喜欢的科目)。You are given the following materials to write on. Your composition should be about 120 words. Be sure to write it in readable handwriting. The composition should be written on the Answer Sheet.

　　My Favorite Subject

　　大学每个专业的学生都要学习各种各样的科目

　　2.每个学生各有自己最喜欢的专业

　　3.我自己最喜欢的专业

　　Part I

　　A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B

　　11. D 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D

　　Part II

　　21. C 22. A. 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C

　　31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. B 40. A

　　41. No，it will not.

　　42. Forty hours.(They work forty hours a week.)

　　43. He will fall into a state of sleeplessness and anxiety.

　　44. Six.(The author lists six causes of stress in the passage.)

　　45. A positive attitude.(They should take a positive attitude.)

　　PartⅢ

　　政治是指人们各种各样的交互行为，它们决定什么人能获取什么，何时获取，如何获取。

　　政治行为可以说是寻求目标的行为。政治上的“什么人”，“获取什么”，“何时获取”，和“如何获取”，均是随时间、地点和形势的变化而变化的;但是政治交互行为所具有的基本的寻求目标的本质是保持不变的。进一步说，一个政治制度可以被定义为某些人或某些集团在追求目标时相互交往的一个集合体。例如，政治制度包括在任何组织、利益集团或政党中通过交互行为追求影响力的个人，而这些组织、利益集团或政党又通过交互行为追求对政府的影响力;政治制度同样也包括通过交互行为追求对世界环境的影响力的国家。

　　Part lV

　　College students usually have to learn a variety of subjects.These subjects include mathematics，physics，and those required by the specialty concerned. Once a student has chosen his specialty，he is obliged to learn all the subjects prescribed for his field of study no matter whether he likes them or not.

　　Yet，every student may have his own favorite subjects. Almost no student distributes his time evenly among all the subjects.Some may listen to English broadcasting for hours. Others may sit all day long before a computer. Only when the examination session approaches will he divert his attention from his favorite subject for a few days.

　　My favorite subject is English. It is regarded as a “world language` which not only can help me communicate more efficiently with foreigners but also helps me to learn the most advanced knowledge.