2019年在职攻人员攻读硕士学位英语模拟练习一

　　[英语综合填空练习]

　　I. 确定中心词

　　Practice Test (I)

　　The most important role of the library of Congress is to serve as the research and reference arm of Congress. The library _1_ legislators with the information they need. The library staff_2_ more than 450,000 queries a year. _3_from very simple requests to extremely complex issues, _4_, people on the library staff will prepare summaries of major legislation and bills to help Congress members stay abreast of daily legislation. The library staff _5_ people of all background, from civil engineers and oceanographers to experts _6_ labor relations. Their most important function is to provide objective, unbiased information to Congress. They _7_ all sides of issues, aIIowing the legislators to make up their own minds _8_ the effects of the issue involved. There is an _9_ department for foreign law. The law library answers congressional request _10_ analysis of foreign legislature and legal issues. The law library‘s legal specialties are proficient in fifty different languages.

　　中心词：role of the library(function)国会图书馆功能

　　1. A. affords B, provides C. loads D. protects

　　2. A. answers 13. agrees C. approves D. admits

　　3. A. varying B. changing C, shifting D. ranging

　　4. A. On tbe other hand B. In nature C. In return D. In addition

　　5. A. contains B. remains C. includes D. concludes

　　6. A. with B. in C. to D, on

　　7. A. present B. show off C. increase D. take up

　　8. A. as to B. for C. within D by

　　9. A. essential B. additional C. critical D. exceptional

　　10. A. with B. besides C for D. on

　　Practice (2)

　　In the past, permanence was the ideal. __1__ engaged in handcrafting a pair of boot or in construction a cathedral, all man‘s creative and productive energies went _2_ maximizing the _3_ of the product. Man built to last. He had to _4_ the society around him was relatively unchanging, each object had clearly defined functions, and economic logic _5_ the policy of permanence, Even if they had to be repaired now _6_, The boots that cost fifty dollars and lasted ten years were less expensive than those that cost ten dollars and lasted only a year. As the general rate of change in society _7_, however, the economics of permanence are and must be -replaced by the economics of_8_. Firs, advanceing technology _9_. to lower the costs of manufacture much more rapidly than the costs repair work This means that it often becomes cheaper to replace than to repair. It is economically sensible to build cheap, unrepairable, throw-away objects, _10_ they may not last as repairable objects.

　　中心词：permanence (相关词：last, durability, defined) dange (相关词:replace, transience, accelerate)

　　1. A. Those B. If C. Once D. Whether

　　2. A. about B. after C on D. towards

　　3. A. facility It. efficiency C. durability D. stability

　　4. A. Although B. Unless C. Even if D. As long as

　　5. A. indicated B. dictated C. prescribed I). implied

　　6. A. or later B. or never C. and then D. and later

　　7. A. accelerates I3. amplifies C. alternates D. anticipates

　　8. A. transience B. dominance C. prominence D. endurance

　　9. A. tempts B. tends C. turns D. tunes

　　10. A. as if B,. and yet C. but then D. even though

　　2.词义连接

　　we often reach an impasse(僵局) in our thinking. We arc looking at a problem and trying to solve it and it seems there is a dead-end. It is _1_ these occasions that we become tense, we feel pressured, overwhelmed, in a state of _2_. We struggle vainly, fighting to solve the problem. Doctor and philosopher Edward has _3_ a technique for changing our point of view, and he calls it lateral Thinking. The _4_ western approach to a problem is to fight it. _5_ what the problem is, or the techniques _6_ for solving it, the framework produced by western way of thinking is fight. Dr Edward calls this Vertical Thinking: the traditional, Aristotelian thinking of logic, moving firmly from one step to the _7_, like toy blocks being built on _8_ of the other. The flaw is, of course, that if at any _9_ one of the steps is not reached, or one of the toy blocks is incorrectly placed, then the whole structure_10_. Impasse is reached, and frustration, tension, feelings of light. _11_.

　　lateral thinking, Dr. Edward says, is a new technique that avoids this _12_altogether, and solves the problem in and entirely _13_fashion.

　　In one of Sherlock Holmes‘s _14_,his assistant, Dr. Watson, pointed out that a certain dog was_15_ no importance to the case_16_ it did not appear to have done anything. Sherlock Holmes took the _17_ point of view and maintained that the fact the dog had done nothing was of the utmost _18_, for it should have been_19_ to do something, and on this _20_ be solved the case.