2021军队职称英语考试指导：卫生类C级课堂笔记第8讲

阅读判断出题特点：
2004卫生C阅读判断题的出题特点：
step back in time(重回过去/时光倒流)
比较：
2002年阅读判断题：Nurses
2003年阅读判断题：A Pay Rise or Not?
出题特点：04年阅读判断题主题与健康相关，文章选取的是职称英语用书外的文章，主题(文章标题)借助文章开头的句子较容易理解。
职称英语中常见词
affair:n.事情[件](love affair n.风流韵事,强烈爱好;foreign affairs/外交事务);affect v.影响，感动;afford v.[常与can,could,be able to连用]担负得起费用(损失、后果等)，花费得起，经受得住;抽得出(时间)afraid adj.[常作表语]怕，害怕，[口]恐怕(be afraid of/害怕，担心;I’m afraid/[口]大概，恐怕，担心对不起(因为要说不受欢迎的话而用的客套语);again and again/一次又一次地，反复地;once again/再次;age n.年龄，时代v.变老，上年纪at the age of/时年，岁middle age/中年be of age(=come of age)/成年);ago adv.以前，以往;agree v.一致，同意，赞成(agree on/对……意见一致;agree with sb./同意某人的话;agree to同意,允诺);agriculture n.农业，农艺，农学;ahead adv.在前，向前，提前，在前面ahead of/在……之前;aid v.帮助，援助n.帮助，支援，支持;aim v.(常与at连用)瞄准，对准，以……为目标n.瞄准,目标(aim to do sth./致力于做……aim at doing sth./致力于做……);air n.空气，空中，气氛(fresh air/新鲜空气;in the air/在空中流传;不确定,by air/乘飞机);alike adj.[常作表语]同样的,相似的;alive adj.活着的，活跃的(keep sth.alive/让……仍然存在);all adj.所有的，全部的，整个的pron.全体，全部，(与of连用)整体;全部adv.完全地，十分地(in all/总计;above all/首先，尤其是all over/到处，遍及after all/终究，毕竟);allow v.允许，准许allow for/考虑;顾及allow sb.to do sth./允许某人做……allow sth./允许……);almost adv.几乎;alone adj.[只作表语]单独的;孤独的，独自的;adv.单独地，独自地，只有，仅仅(live alone/独居be alone/独自一人);already adv.[表示现在或过去某时已发生的事实]已经，早已;also adv.也，同样，而且(not only...but also...not only...but../不仅……而且……);alter v.改变，变更;alternative n.两者择一，替换物adj.两者择一的，交替的;although adv.尽管，虽然;always adv.总是;amaze v.使惊奇;使吃惊;amazing adj.令人惊异的;amount n.数量v.(与to连用)等于;总计;合计;总计达;ancient adj.远古的，旧的;and conj.[连接并列的名词、代词或数词]和，与，如：Father and I;[连接并列的形容词、副词]又，而且;announce v.通告，发表，正式宣布;annual adj.每年的，年度的(annual ring/【植】年轮);another pron.另一个，类似的一个adj.又一，另一，别的(one after another/相继地);answer v.回答，响应n.回答，答案(answer the telephone/接电话answer back/回嘴，顶嘴answer for/对……负责the answer to the question/问题的答案);anticipate v.预期，预料，期待，预先考虑，予先准备;anxious adj.忧虑的，焦急的(about,for)，渴望的(be anxious about/for sth./为……而忧虑;be anxious to do sth./渴望做……;be anxious for sth./渴望有(得到));any pron.任何一个，无论哪一个adj.一些，什么(用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中)
例题解析：
阅读判断(每题1分，共七分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Passage 1
New Product Will Save Lives
Drinking water that looks clean may still contain bugs(虫子)。which Can cause illness.A small company called Genera Technologies has produced a testing method in three stages，which shows whether water is safe.The new test shows if water needs chemicals added to it.to destroy anything harmful.It was invented by scientist Dr.Adrian Patton,who started Genera five years ago.He and his employees have developed the test together with a British water company.
Andy Headland,Genera’s marketing director,recently presented the test at a conference in the USA and forecast good American sales for it.Genera has already sold 11 of its tests at$42,500 a time in the UK and has a further four on order.It expects to sell another 25 tests before the end of March.The company says it is the only test in the UK to be approved by the government.
Genera was formed five years ago and until October last year had only five employees;it now employs 14.Mr.Headland believes that the company should make around$19 million by the end of the year in the UK alone.
1 Genera Technologies has developed a method that determines whether water is clean
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2 Before he set up Genera.Dr Parton had worked for a British water company
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3 The new product has been a commercial Success in the USA.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4 Each of the tests costs$42，500.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5 Genera Technologies orders 25 more tests before the end of the year.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6 The British government is helping Dr Parton to sell the tests abroad
‘A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7 Genera has increased the number of its employees recently.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案及解析：
1.文章主题分析：New Product Will Save Lives
Drinking water that looks clean may still contain bugs(虫子),which can cause illness.
猜测所谓的“新产品”可能是“与水的净化有关的东西”。
2.阅读判断题选项判断公式：
item1 right+item2 right+..right=right;
item1 wrong(or item2 wrong or..wrong)=wrong;
item 1 not mentioned(or item 2 not mentioned or..not mentioned)=not mentioned;
3.直接看问题，解题。
1 Genera Technologies has developed a method that determines whether water is clean
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
A.分析：考虑把题干信息划分成2层：Genera Technologies has developed a method+a method that determines whether water is clean。借助题干中的特征结构Genera Technologies作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
Drinking water that looks clean may still contain bugs(虫子),which can cause illness.A small company called Genera Technologies has produced a testing method in three stages(item1正确)，which shows whether water is sa
fe.(关键在于判断safe与clean所只代内容是否一致。借助前句句意判断这里的safe指的就是“truly clean”,可见item2正确).
2 Before he set up Genera.Dr Parton had worked for a British water company
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
C.分析：考虑把题干信息划分成2层：Before he set up Genera+Dr Parton had worked for a British water company。借助题干中的特征结构Dr Parton作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
The new test shows if water needs chemicals added to it.to destroy anything harmful.It was invented by scientist Dr.Adrian Patton,who started Genera five years ago.He and his employees have developed the test together with a British water company.(对比题干内容发现item2的内容信息在文章中没有对应内容，所以item2为“没有提到”)
3 The new product has been a commercial Success in the USA.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
B.分析：考虑把题干信息划分成2层：The new product has been a commercial Success+a commercial Success in the USA。借助题干中的特征结构USA作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
Andy Headland,Genera’s marketing director,recently presented the test at a conference in the USA and forecast good American sales for it.(借助该句句意判断item1的内容不正确：因为原文内容是“该公司最近才预测了该产品在美国良好的销售前景”)
4 Each of the tests costs$42，500.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
A.分析：因为题干内容较简单，所以直接看成1层信息，借助题干中的特征结构$42，500作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
Genera has already sold 11 of its tests at$42,500 a time in the UK and has a further four on order.(该句在时态上，在内容上都与问题句的内容一致)It expects to sell another 25 tests before the end of March.The company says it is the only test in the UK to be approved by the government.
考点：考察结构sell..at(price)以..的价格销售
cost：vt.具有..的价格;导致失去,受苦或牺牲;
e.g.Participating in the strike cost me my job.参加罢工而使我失去工作
at all costs不惜任何代价(=at any cost)
on order已定购而尚未交货的
5 Genera Technologies orders 25 more tests before the end of the year.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
B.分析：题干中出现两个细节信息：25 more tests和before the end of the year，因此可以考虑把题干信息分成2层：Genera Technologies orders 25 more tests+before the end of the year。借助题干中的特征结构25 more tests作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
It expects to sell another 25 tests before the end of March.(该句内容的描述和问题句的内容相反：一个说“卖”，而一个却说“买))The company says it is the only test in the UK to be approved by the government.
6 The British government is helping Dr Parton to sell the tests abroad
‘A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
C.分析：可以考虑把题干信息分成2层：The British government is helping Dr Parton+to sell the tests abroad。借助题干中的特征结构The British government和Dr Parton作为答案线索，这样发现第1层信息中的内容根本就没有出现，因此判断该题为“没提到”。
The company says it is the only test in the UK to be approved by the government.
Genera was formed five years ago and until October last year had only five employees;it now employs 14.Mr.Headland believes that the company should make around$19 million by the end of the year in the UK alone.
7 Genera has increased the number of its employees recently.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
A.分析：题干中涉及到的细节信息量不多，所以可以直接把该题干的内容看成是1层信息，借助题干中的特征结构employees作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
The company says it is the only test in the UK to be approved by the government.
Genera was formed five years ago and until October last year had only five employees;it now employees 14.(该句的内容与问题句的内容一致)Mr.Headland believes that the company should make around$19 million by the end of the year in the UK alone.
Passage 2
Step Back in Time
Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us?One hundred years ago the average woman 1ived to be 45.But now，she Can live until at least 80.
One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better.We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again.And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.
But in order that we don’t slip back into bad habits，let’s have a look at what life was like 100 years ago.
Families had between 1 5 and 20 children，although many babies didn’t live long.Children suffered from lots of diseases，especially rickets(佝偻病)and scurvy(坏血病)，which are both caused by bad diets.This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well.
Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up.bending over a piece of string，because there was no room for them to lie down.
People didn’t have fridges until the 1920s.They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills(窗台板)，blocks of ice，or even burying it in the garden.
Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight lo earn money for their parents.
If you had lived 100 years ago，you might well be selling matchsticks(火柴杆)(a job done by many children)or working with your dad by now.
1 On average women lived longer than men 1 00 years ago.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2 People now enjoy longer lives for unknown reasons.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3 A hundred years ago many kids died at an early age.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4 Poor diets can lead tO such diseases as rickets and scurvy.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5 People in the past preferred standing up to lying down when sleeping
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6 An Englishman invented the fridge in the 1920s.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7 Life was not easy for many children living 1 00 years ago.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案及解析：
1.文章标题分析：Step Back in Time
Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us?One hundred years ago the average woman 1ived to be 45.But now，she Can live until at least 80
2.读判断题选项判断公式：
item1 right+item2 right+..right=right;
item1 wrong(or item2 wrong or..wrong)=wrong;
item 1 not mentioned(or item 2 not mentioned or..not mentioned)=not mentioned;
3.直接看题，解题。
1 On average women lived longer than men 1 00 years ago.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
C.分析：题干中有两个较明确的细节信息，因此考虑把题干内容分成2层：On average women lived longer than men+1 00 years ago;借助题干中的特征结构1 00 years ago作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better.We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again.And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.
But in order that we don’t slip back into bad habits，let’s have a look at what life was like 100 years ago.(该句内容与题干内容无关，甚至在全文中也没有发现对women和men的年龄的比较的句子，因此判断答案为“没提到”)
Keep sth./sb.doing/让..一直做..
2 People now enjoy longer lives for unknown reasons.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
B分析：直接借助常识判断该句说法错误，因此该句答案很可能是B。同样题干中有两个较明确的细节信息，因此考虑把题干内容分成2层：People now enjoy longer lives+for unknown reasons，注意观察文章中有没有提到关于原因的句子，这样发现答案相关句：
Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us?(该句内容显示信息1正确)One hundred years ago the average woman 1ived to be 45.But now，she can live until at least 80.
One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better.(该句内容显示信息2错误：该句直接提到了人们寿命增加的原因，显然与题干中所说的“由于未知的原因”相矛盾)
3 A hundred years ago many kids died at an early age.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
A分析：题干中有两个较明确的细节信息，因此考虑把题干内容分成2层：A hundred years ago many kids died+(died)at an early age;借助题干中的特征结构A hundred years ago和kids作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
But in order that we don’t slip back into bad habits，let’s have a look at what life was like 100 years ago.
Families had between 1 5 and 20 children，although many babies didn’t live long.(借助划线句的句意判断信息1和信息2均正确：首先该句前面说“我们来看看1百年以前生活是什么样子的”，在该句中(以过去时态出现)又直接提到“许多孩子寿命短”。)
4 Poor diets can lead to such diseases as rickets and scurvy.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
A.分析：题干中的信息直接相关，考虑把题干内容看成1层信息，利用题干中出现的特征词rickets and scurvy作为答案线索，这样直接找到答案相关句：
Children suffered from lots of diseases，especially rickets(佝偻病)and scurvy(坏血病)，which are both caused by bad diets.(该句句意与题干内容一致：都是说“糟糕的饮食造成了佝偻病和坏血病”)
5 People in the past preferred standing up to lying down when sleeping
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
B.分析：根据常识判断该句说法不符合常理，也很可能是错误的。可以把题干内容看成2层信息：People in the past preferred standing up to lying down+when sleeping。借助题干中的核心词：standing up，lying down和sleeping作为答案线索，这样直接找到答案相关句：
Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up,bending over a piece of string，(弯腰靠在一根绳子上)because there was no room for them to lie down.(借助该句意可以看出：原文中说的是“过去人们站着睡觉是因为没有地方让他们躺下”，而不是人们喜欢这样)
e.g.He is standing there looking out of the window.
e.g.He came home(looking)so exhausted.
6 An Englishman invented the fridge in the 1920s.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
C.分析：可以把题干内容看成2层信息：An Englishman invented the fridge+in the 1920s。借助题干中的核心词：fridge和特征词1920s作为答案线索，这样直接找到答案相关句：
People didn’t have fridges until the 1920s.(只有这一句提到了冰箱，但并没有说是“谁”在“什么时候”发明的)They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills(窗台板)，blocks of ice，or even burying it in the garden.
7 Life was not easy for many children living 1 00 years ago.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
A.分析：题干信息较单一，因此直接把题干内容看成1层信息,借助题干中的特征词1 00 years ago作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their parents.
If you had lived 100 years ago，you might well be selling matchsticks(火柴杆)(a job done by many children)or working with your dad by now.(从该句句意中能推断出问题句的内容“生活在100年以前的孩子活的不容易”)