2021军队职称英语考试指导：卫生类C级课堂笔记第9讲

概括大意与完成句子出题特点：
2004年职称英语卫生C级的概括大意与完成句子考题：English and English Community(2004年职称英语卫生类概括大意与完成句子练习题)
比较：
2002年C级：Health Education
2003年C级:Friendly Relations with the People around
小结:卫生类C级概括大意与完成句子题的文章主题涉及面较广，可能涉及卫生疾病方面,也可能会出现其他主题类文章,如:社会文化或自然,科技方面的主题。文章难度低于阅读理解部分的文章难度.文章结构通常为说明文或论述文.该部分题通常是从书外出题.
职称英语中常见词
apart adv.分开，离开(tear..apart/把……拆开apart from/除……外);apparent adj.明显的,外表的;appeal to sb./吸引某人;appear v.出现，看来，似乎，出版，发表;appearance n.出现，外观[表]，容貌(judge by appearances/以貌取人);application n.应用，申请，实施(the application of science to industry/在工业上对科学的应用;applications software/应用软件);apply v.申请，应用，实施，敷，涂(apply for申请，请求apply oneself to/致力于);appoint v.委派，任命，(常与for连用)指定;appreciate vt.赏识，重视;感激;提高(价值)，抬高……的价格;approach vt.接近，动手处理，靠近n.靠近,途径，通路;方法(an approach to the problem/这个问题的解决方法);appropriate adj.正确的;适当的(be appropriate for.../适合……);approval n.赞成，赞许，批准(with[without]approval of/经[未经]...的批准);approve v.批准，批准，(常与of连用)赞成，赞同(approve of.../准许……,approve the plans/批准计划);argue v.辩论，争论(argue that.../辩解说……;argue with sb./和……争论;argue for[against]a proposal/辩论赞成[反对]某项建议);argument n.争论，论据，论点(argue for/against)支持/反对……);arise v.起来，出现，发生，造成(from/out of);around:adv.环绕，在周围，在附近prep.在……的周围，环绕，大约，左右(around 20 people/大约20人;hang around/在附近徘徊);arouse v.叫醒，唤起，激励(arouse sb.’s enthusiasm/激起某人的积极性);arrange v.排列，分类，整理(arrange for/安排，准备);arrival n.到达，到来(arrival at port/入港;one’s arrival/某人的到来);arrive v.到达，来到(in,at)(arrive at.../获得(结果);达到(目的)arrive at/reach/come to a decision达成决议);art n.美术，艺术，艺术品pl.人文学科(work of art/艺术品);article n.文章，论文，条款，物品，物件(articles of daily use/日用品);artificial adj.人工的，人造的，假的(artificial rain/人工降雨artificial satellite/人造卫星);artist n.艺术家，美术家;as adv.同样地，相同地prep.被看作，被认为是，像……(指处于某种状态、性质、情况、工作等之中);conj.(用于比较)与……一样，当，由于，因为(as...as.../和……一样……such as/诸如;as it were/或者说as yet/迄今，到目前为止as you know/正如你知道的;as if(=as though)/好像，好似as long as(=so long as)/只要as for/to/关于;至于);Asia n.亚洲;aside adv.在旁边，在一边(aside from/除了…….以外);asleep adj.[作表语]睡着的(fall asleep/入睡);aspect n.模样，面貌，方面one aspect of the problem/问题的一个方面;a house with a southern aspect/朝南的房子);assemble v.集合，聚集，装配(机器等)(assembly line/装配线);assess v.估定(财产，价值等)，评估(人物、工作等)(Damages were assessed at 1000 RMB./损失估计达一千元人民币。);asset n.[常用复]资产;财产;assist v.帮助，支援(assist sb.with a task/帮助某人做某事;assist sb.in doing sth./帮助某人做某事);associate v.结交，联合，由……联想到……，把……联系起来(associate one thing with another/把某一事与另一事联系起来;associate with/和……来往，和……共事;同……联合);association n.联合,联系,联盟,协会,社团;assume v.假定，承担，呈(形式，姿态，位置)(assume responsibility/负责，承担责任assume a new aspect/呈现新的面貌);astonish v.使吃惊(be astonished at sth./对……感到惊讶,astonish sb./使……感到惊讶);astronaut n.太空人，宇航员;at prep.[位置，场所，地点，时间]在……时，在……中，在……方面，向，表示以..速度，价格等;arrive at.../到达……at my uncle’s/在我叔父家at the foot[top]of the mountain/在山脚下[顶上]at the end of the street/在街的尽头at the meeting/在会议上at ten o’clock/在十点钟at(the age of)forty/在40岁的时候at the beginning of the month/在月初at Christmas/在圣诞节at one’s convenience/在某人方便时at high pressure/在高压下aim at.../对准……throw...at.../朝……扔……
例题解析1
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1—4段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27--?题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Passage 1
Ford
1 Ford’s great strength was the manufacturing process--not invention.Long before he started a car company,he was a worker,known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines.He started putting cars together in 1 891 Although it was by no means the first popular automobile，the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market.
2 The company’s assembly line alone threw America’s Industrial Revolution into overdrive(高速运转).Instead of having workers put together the entire car,Ford’s friends,who were great toolmakers from Scotland，organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line.By the time Ford’s Highland Park plant was humming(嗡嗡作响)along in 1914，the world’s first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.
3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the$5一a—day minimum wage scheme,the greatest contribution he had ever made.The average wage in the auto industry then was$2.34 for a 9-hour shift.Ford not only doubled that，he also took an hour off the workday.In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didn’t involve all awful lot of training or education.The Wall Street Journal called the plan“an economic crime”，and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.
4 But as the wage increased later to daily$10,it proved a critical component of Ford’s dream to make the automobile accessible(可及的)to a11.The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car,the higher wages didn’t matter---except for making it possible for more people to buy Cars.
23 Paragraph 1
24 Paragraph 2
25 Paragraph 3
26 Paragraph 4
A Ford’s Opponents
B The Assembly Line
C Ford’S Great Dream
D The Establishment of the Company
E Ford’S Biggest Contribution
F FOrd’S Great Talent
27 The assembly line made it possible to
28 Fordwasthefirstto adopt
29 Ford’S cars became available tO ordinary people thanks to
30 Ford’S higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly
A criticized by the media
B the low wage in the auto industry
C their lower prices
D produce cars in large numbers
E the 8.hour shift
F combined technology and market
答案及解析：
l文章标题分析：Ford
Ford’s great strength was the manufacturing process--not invention.Long before he started a car company,he was a worker,
long before很早以前
before long adv.不久以后
借助文章开头该划线句的内容判断文章是讲述“实现汽车大规模生产的福特”
l被选项分析：
A Ford’s Opponents
B The Assembly Line
C Ford’s Great Dream
D The Establishment of the Company
E Ford’s Biggest Contribution
F Ford’s Great Talent
被选项看起来都紧扣文章主题—Ford，因此无法直接判断。
l直接解题：
A Ford’s Opponents
B The Assembly Line
C Ford’s Great Dream
D The Establishment of the Company
E Ford’s Biggest Contribution
F Ford’s Great Talent
23 Paragraph 1
1 Ford’s great strength was the manufacturing process--not invention.Long before he started a car company,he was a worker,known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines.He started putting cars together in 1 891 Although it was by no means the first popular automobile，the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market.
F.分析：注意到该段落中没有可以典型的中心词汇，这样利用段落开头和结尾的句子，发现段落段首句和段尾句都是观点句，借助这两句中的特征词汇great strength和creative作为答案线索，这样判断F正确。
提示：在进行句意搜索的时候注意借助句子主干结构和句子中的特征词汇进行跳读。注意利用观点句中的特征词(往往是形容词，起修饰作用的副词或核心名词，核心动词)判断答案。
A Ford’s Opponents
B The Assembly Line
C Ford’S Great Dream
D The Establishment of the Company
E Ford’S Biggest Contribution
24 Paragraph 2
2 The company’s assembly line alone threw America’s Industrial Revolution into overdrive(高速运转).Instead of having workers put together the entire car,Ford’s friends,who were great toolmakers from Scotland，organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line.By the time Ford’s Highland Park plant was humming(嗡嗡作响)along in 1914，the world’s first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.
B.分析：段首句就是观点句，而且句子中提到了Assembly Line，在段落的末尾句子出现的句子大意上也是在对装配线所带来的生产效果进行描述，所以判断B是答案。
Along:adv.向前;作为伙伴,随身;prep.顺着;
walk along the path.顺着小路走
We drove along,admiring the view.我们一边开车，一边观赏风景。
Bring your friend along.带你的朋友一起来
Luckily,I had my camera along.很幸运，我随身带着照相机。
Turn out:v.关掉,生产,制造,证实发觉是
turn out the lights.关掉了灯
an assembly line turning out cars.生产小汽车的流水线
The rookie turned out to be the best hitter on the team.新手证明是队里最出色的击球员
A Ford’s Opponents
C Ford’S Great Dream
D The Establishment of the Company
E Ford’S Biggest Contribution
25 Paragraph 3
3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the$5一a—day minimum wage scheme,the greatest contribution he had ever made.The average wage in the auto industry then was$2.34 for a 9-hour shift.Ford not only doubled that，he also took an hour off the workday.In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didn’t involve all awful lot of training or education.The Wall Street Journal called the plan“an economic crime”，and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.
E.分析：段落段首句就是观点句，而且该句包含了E的内容，因此直接判断E是答案。
A Ford’s Opponents
C Ford’S Great Dream
D The Establishment of the Company
26 Paragraph 4
But as the wage increased later to daily$10,it proved a critical component of Ford’s dream to make the automobile accessible(可及的)to a11.The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car,the higher wages didn’t matter---except for making it possible for more people to buy Cars.(该句句意与段首句中的Ford’s dream to make the automobile accessible(可及的)to a11直接呼应)
C.分析：借助段首句中出现的核心名词dream作为答案线索，并根据段未句的句意综合判断C是答案。
完成句子题解题分析：
A criticized by the media
B the low wage in the auto industry
C their lower prices
D produce cars in large numbers
E the 8.hour shift
F combined technology and market
27 The assembly line made it possible to ______.
D.分析：不定式符号to后需要跟动词原形，这样直接判断D是答案。
该题考点：形式宾语/主语结构：
make/find/consider+it+to do sth.
it+is/was/has been/had been/情态助动词+be+that…
it+is/was/has been/had been/情态助动词+be+to do…
it+is/was/has been/had been/情态助动词+be+doing…
A criticized by the media
B the low wage in the auto industry
C their lower prices
E the 8.hour shift
F combined technology and market
28 Ford was the first to adopt ______.
E.分析：因为adopt是及物动词，所以其后面应该带名词性的结构，这样B，C，E和F在语法上合适，借助搭配句意可直接判断E合适。也可以借助原文判断答案。
The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the$5一a—day minimum wage scheme,the greatest contribution he had ever made.The average wage in the auto industry then was$2.34 for a 9-hour shift.Ford not only doubled that，he also took an hour off the workday.In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didn’t involve all awful lot of training or education
考点：考察推断能力。
A criticized by the media
B the low wage in the auto industry
C their lower prices
F combined technology and market
29 Ford’s cars became available to ordinary people thanks to ______.
C.分析：介词性短语结构thanks to后面应该带名词性结构，因此判断B，C和F在语法上合适。借助搭配句意直接判断C合适。也可以借助原文判断答案。
But as the wage increased later to daily$10,it proved a critical component of Ford’s dream to make the automobile accessible(可及的)to a11.The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car,the higher wages didn’t matter---except for making it possible for more people to buy Cars.
考点：考察推断能力。
A criticized by the media
B the low wage in the auto industry
F combined technology and market
30 Ford’s higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly ______.
A.分析：借助搭配结构和搭配语意直接判断A是答案。也可以借助原文判断答案。
例题解析2
English and English Community
1 There is no doubt that English is a useful language.The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese.
2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities.The people who make up the community share a common language.Often they live side by side,as they do in a neighborhood(街坊)，a village，or a city.More often they form a whole country.National boundaries，however，are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community.A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.
3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community.For convenience(方便)，we may divide the speakers into two groups：one in which the speakers use English as their native language.the other in which the speakers 1earn English as a second language for the purpose of education，commerce，and so on.
4 Learning a second language extends one’s vision and expands the mind.The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional(虚构的)lives of people and their culture;a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and tO feel as they feel.Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.
23 Paragraph 1
24 Paragraph2
25 Paragraph 3
26 Paragraph4
A Threat Posed by English
B Definition of a Speech Community
C Benefits of Learning a Second Language
D Advantages of Learning Chinese
E Two Groups of the English Speech Community
F A Widely Used Language
27 Overall there are more speakers of Chinese than of ___.
28 The boundaries of a speech community may be different from ___.
29 People who live in different places may belong to ___.
30 Many people learn English as ___.
A a second language
B the same language
C the same speech community
D any other language
E national boundaries
F a part of one’s heritage
文章标题分析：English and English Community
小标题被选项分析：
A Threat Posed by English
B Definition of a Speech Community
C Benefits of Learning a Second Language
D Advantages of Learning Chinese
E Two Groups of the English Speech Community
F A Widely Used Language
分析：借助文章主题：English and English Community，判断D离主题偏离的最远，因此猜测D可能不是答案。
直接解题
A Threat Posed by English
B Definition of a Speech Community
C Benefits of Learning a Second Language
D Advantages of Learning Chinese
E Two Groups of the English Speech Community
F A Widely Used Language
23 Paragraph 1
1 There is no doubt that English is a useful language.The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese.
F.分析：对比被选项中的核心词和段落中出现的词汇判断F是答案：F中的Widely Used与the largest speech community呼应。
A Threat Posed by English
B Definition of a Speech Community
C Benefits of Learning a Second Language
D Advantages of Learning Chinese
E Two Groups of the English Speech Community
24 Paragraph2
2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities.The people who make up the community share a common language.Often they live side by side,as they do in a neighborhood(街坊)，a village，or a city.More often they form a whole country.National boundaries，however，are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community.A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.
B.分析：speech community是该段落中的中心词—反复出现，尤其出现在段首句和段末句中，而且段末句的句势：A speech community is any group of people..这样的结构是典型的定义式结构，因此判断B是答案。
A Threat Posed by English
C Benefits of Learning a Second Language
D Advantages of Learning Chinese
E Two Groups of the English Speech Community
25 Paragraph 3
3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community.For convenience(方便)，we may divide the speakers into two groups：one in which the speakers use English as their native language.the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education，commerce，and so on.
E.分析：借助在段落开头部分出现的“divide the speakers into two groups”，直接判断答案E。
A Threat Posed by English
C Benefits of Learning a Second Language
D Advantages of Learning Chinese
26 Paragraph 4
4 Learning a second language extends one’s vision and expands the mind.The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional(虚构的)lives of people and their culture;a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel.Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.
C。分析：段首句是观点句，而且在语意上直接与C呼应，因此直接判断C是答案。
完成句子解析
A a second language
B the same language
C the same speech community
D any other language
E national boundaries
F a part of one’s heritage
27 Overall there are more speakers of Chinese than of ___.
D。分析：借助搭配句意可以直接判断答案D。也可借助原文，利用题干中出现的特征词Chinese作为答案线索，这样找到直接答案相关句：
The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese.
A a second language
B the same language
C the same speech community
E national boundaries
F a part of one’s heritage
28 The boundaries of a speech community may be different from ___.
E。分析：借助搭配句意可以直接判断答案E。也可借助原文：利用题干中出现的特征词汇boundaries作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
National boundaries，however，are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community.
A a second language
B the same language
C the same speech community
D any other language
F a part of one’s heritage
29 People who live in different places may belong to ___.
C。分析：借助搭配句意可以直接判断答案C。也可借助原文：利用题干中出现的核心词汇live和different places作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.
A a second language
B the same language
F a part of one’s heritage
30 Many people learn English as ___.
A。分析：借助搭配句意可以直接判断答案A。