解放军文职招聘考试练习题： 简答题

 练习题：
简答题
1. What is the full name of the United Kingdom?
It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2. What are the four political divisions of the United Kingdom?
They are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
3. Why did William I have the Domesday Book compiled?
William I had the Domesday Book compiled because he wanted to have a reliable record of all his land, his tenants and their possessions and to discover how much his tenants could be asked to pay by way of taxes.
4. What were the emblems of the Houses of York and Lancaster?
The emblem of the House of York was a white rose and the emblem of the House of Lancaster was a red rose.
5. What is a constitutional monarchy?
A constitutional monarchy is one whose power is limited by Parliament.
6. What was Puritanism noted for?
It was noted for simple dress, high moral standards and very egalitarian attitudes.
7. Where does the Sovereign’s coronation take place?
The Sovereign’s coronation takes place at Westminster Abbey in London.
8. How does the United States rank among the countries of the world in population and area?
The United States of America is the third-largest country in the world in population and the fourth-largest country in area.
9. What are the five Great Lakes of the United States?
They are Erie, Huron, Michigan, Ontario, and Superior.
10. What role does tourism play in Hawaii’s economy?
Tourism is Hawaii’s most important industry.
11. In what way were the Puritans different from the Pilgrims?
The Pilgrims were mostly poor, labouring people while the Puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen.
12. Why did the Civil War break out?
The Civil War broke out because the southern states left the Union and formed a new nation but president Lincoln was determined to maintain the Union.
13. What was the basic demand of the Progressive Movement?
The basic demand was government regulation of economic and social conditions.
14. What is the importance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
The Act outlawed racial discrimination in housing and employment.
15. How does the United States rank among the countries of the world in the total value of its economic production?
The United States ranks first among the countries of the world in the value of its economic production.
16. What are the three branches of the government?
They are the legislative, the executive and the judicial.
17. How are the two chambers of Congress made up?
The Senate is composed of two members from each state, with a total number of 100 while membership in the House of Representatives is based on population. Currently the House has 435 members.
18. What is the typical food for Thanksgiving dinner?
The typical food is roast turkey, pumpkin pie and cranberry sauce.
19. What does the Irish parliament consist of?
The Irish parliament consists of the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann) and the Senate (Seanad).
20. What areas have long been major U.S centers of manufacturing?
The Midwest and Northeast.
21. Which sport is regarded as typically English?
Cricket is the most typically English sport.
22. In which British industry did the Industrial Revolution begin?
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain’s textile industry.
23. What are the two large island that make up the British Isles?
They are Great Britain and Ireland.
24. Who was the French national heroine during the Hundred Year’s War who helped the French to drive the English out of France?
Joan of Arc.
25. What was the significance of the adoption of the Bill of Rights?
The adoption of the Bill of Rights in addition to the Constitution completed the foundation of the American constitutional system.
名词解释
1. The British Commonwealth 英联邦
     The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the  Commonwealth of Nations in 1931.It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements.  The Commonwealth has no special powers. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is left to each member nation. At present there are 50 members counties whit in the commonwealth (1991).
2. William the Conqueror 威廉征服
    William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct.1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.
3. Norman Conquest
The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.
4. The Black Death
It is a modern name given to the dearly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread through Europe in the fourteenth century particularly in 1348-1349. It came without warning, and without any cue. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences.
5. The Wars of Roses玫瑰战争
The name Wars of the Roses was refer to the battles between the House of Lancaster, symbolized by the read rose, and that of York, symbolized by the white, from 1455 to 1485. Henry Tudor, descendant of Duke of Lancaster won victory at Bosworth Field in 1485 and put ht country under the rule of the Tudors. From these Wars, English feudalism received its death blow. The great medieval nobility was much weakened.
6. The Glorious Revolution of 1688光荣革命
In 1685 Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James was brought up in exile in Europe, was a Catholic. He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious vies. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king in 1688 than 40 years ago. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution.
7. Constitutional monarchy君主立宪制
It is a political system that has been practised in Britain since the Glorious revolution of 1688. According to this system, the Constitution is superior to the Monarch. In law, the Monarch has many supreme powers, but in practice, the real power of monarchy has been greatly reduced and today the Queen acts solely on the advice of her ministers. She reigns but does not rule. The real power lies in the Parliament, or to be exact, in the House of Commons.
8. Boston Tea Party
In 1773,when ships of tea reached Boston and the governor was determind to see that tea was legally protected in its distribution, several dozen Boston residents dressed as indians boarded the ships at night and threw $75,000 worth of tea into the harbor. this came to be known as the "Boston Tea Party".
9. the Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine means that the united states would support any country which said it was fighting with communism.
10. the Marshall Plan
That is, in order to protect Western Europe from possible soviet expansion, the United States decided to offer western European countries ecomomic aid.
11. the civil rights act of 1964
It outlawed discrimination not only in public housing, but also in employment on the basis of race, colour, religion, sex, or national orgin.
12. The Hundred Years’War
It refers to the fight-and cease war between France and England that lasted for more than 120 years.(1337-457) The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. After three stages of the war was over, the English were driven out of France with only Calais in hand. The ending of the war is regarded as a blessing for both countries.
13. European union欧盟
EC stands for European community .EC is now called European union(EU).it is an organization of 15 western European countries that promotes cooperation among its members.
14. The New Deal----In order to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American economy.
15. the poverty line---it is based on the income that households need to eat adequately without spending more than a third of their income on food.

问答题

1.Please state the reason, definition and the significance of the Wars of the Roses (1455-1485).

Answer:

① Reason: After the Hundred Years’ War, nobles had to seek a new outlet for their ambition by an attempt to dominate the government at home.
② Definition: It referring to these battles between the great House of Lancaster, symbolized by the red rose, and that of York, symbolized by the white.
③ Significant: From these wars feudalism received its deathblow. The great medieval nobility was much weakened and discredited. The king’s power now became supreme. But the interests of the majority of the common people were not deeply engaged.

2.Please state the causes and consequences of the Hundred Years' War.

Answer:

The causes were partly territory and partly economic. The French king tried to take back the territory occupied by the Norman. Economically, both English and French kings wanted to control the Flemish cloth manufactures in Europe. As a result, the tow countries fought for about hundred years.

Consequences of the war
①The English lost the war. The expulsion of the English from French is regarded as a blessing for both countries.② It helped English national identity as well as French national identity. ③Two separate nation were born after the war.