Mattonhorn

 It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could--sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheesemakers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.

New words and expressions

1、 alpinist(1.1)/'$lpinist/n．登山运动员

climber mountaineer

词根：alp- Alps(1.16)/$lps/ n．阿尔卑斯山脉Alpine(1.9)/$lpain/adj．阿尔卑斯山的

2、 attain(1.4)/+'tein/ v．到达

to get to

to arrive at/in

to attain one's goal=realize

to attain the top/peak/summit 达到顶点

attain youth 永葆青春

attainment (n) attainments 成就 accomplishment

3、perilous(1.5)/'peril+s/adj．危险的 peril   （随时可能出现的）危险

avalanche雪崩

4、shudder (1.5)/'M)d+/ v．不寒而栗

shudder:quick and sudden

tremble:long and very obvious

quiver:excitement ,maybe cold

shiver: cold and nervous

5、 go out of one's way  专门 by the way 顺路 too much for me 受不起

6、 court （multiple  meanings 多义词）

1） 朝廷    朝臣courtier

2） courteous彬彬有礼的

3） 法庭

4） 娱乐场 足球场soccer/football court高尔夫球场golf court

5） 追求

6） 招致   骄兵必败pride courts failure

7、 solitary(1.6)/'s&lrt+ri/adj．唯一的

sol-独 solo独唱  独奏

solitude 孤独

I live in solitude.=I live a lonely life.

8、 pioneer(1.2)/?pai+'n+/ v．开辟，倡导；n．先锋，开辟者

9、 impoverish(11.9-10)/$m'p&v+rM/v．使贫困 poor（口语词）

罗素名言：A great many man will cheerfully face inpoverishment if they can secure  complete

ruin for their rival,hence present level of taxation.

许多人会高兴的面对贫困，如果他们能使对手落魄，因此出现了现在的税收水平。

10、coarse(1.12)/k&:s/adj．粗劣的

coarse throat 嗓子哑

sore throat

嗓子发炎

coarse fare 粗粮

refined fair细粮

coarse and refined

in a coarse manner粗暴无礼

11、boast(1.12)/b+ust/v．自恃有

用法：以人作主语，夸耀；以物作主语，拥有

He boasted that of his knowledge.

The center boasts a team of high qualify(qualified researchers.)

12、parishioner(1.13)/p+riM+n+/n．教区居民

parish教区

13、shepherd(1.14)/'Mep+d/n．牧羊人 sheepshep  羊 herd    兽群

14、linen(1.15)/'linin/n．亚麻布床单

Notes on the text

1、Route  路线 Road   道路

2、good sports :stimulus 刺激    thrilling 震撼、兴奋

3、regard

regard sb with sth(感情词love hatredhorrorrespect)

Dad, I regard you with horror.爸爸，我很害怕你。

4、pineering days, ancient (先人时期)

5、not at all 根本不  case这回事

6、be doing 表达当时的行动（状态）

7、top:顶点 summit 山顶   peak山顶

The scenery is at the peak of  the mountain.无限风光在险峰。

I am at the top of the world.我在世界之巅。

Summit meeting峰会

8、 attain  到达 conquer 征服

9、be of the most perilous nature

nature  特点、特性

the most perilous difficulties and dangers

学会be of the + adj+noun  结构He is the kindest man. =He is the man of the kindest man.

10、equipped 表示当时的一种伴随。

11、in a manner 以这样的方式

12、make sb do sth  (省to 结构)

13、at the thought 一想到 ，mention一提到,idea 一想到

这个结构后面加介词of  原文即 at the thought of their poor equipment

14、go out of one's way 刻意   intentionally  eye catching引人注目的

15、the real living conditions 真实生存状况

16、nowadays 插入语，现在回想起来，可在句首、句末

17、except for 把其中的一部分扣除

18、tend to be 倾向于

19、settlement 生存地、驻扎地

20、cut off=which are cut off

21、flea ridden跳蚤

22、as they were 可以这么说，插入语  还有as it were

This book is , as it were, his life portrait.

这本书，可是说，是他的人生写照。

23、local当地的

24、wine低度酒 alcohol 酒精 alcoholic酒鬼

25、boast 拥有 priest牧师 shepherd牧羊人 invariably=all the same

26、dirt and poverty， and very uncomfortable （结构不符合习惯，不可学）

27、course一道菜

28、must have been表推测

29、be accustomed to ,be used to + 名词、动名词

I am used to the life in Bejing.

I am used to living in Bejing.

30、早餐：scratch a meal 中午餐：snack快餐 晚餐：dinner

31、the change to

Education brings great change to his outlook/view on life.

教育使他的面貌（对生活的看法）产生了很大变化。