解放军文职招聘考试气候变化 疾病肆虐2

 "So in the Arctic there are parasitic worms that affect muskox and reindeer, for example, that are developing faster and becoming more prevalent and expanding their ranges. And then in tropical oceans, like Caribbean coral reefs, there's a large amount of evidence that has mounted that shows that warming interferes with the symbiosis of corals, makes them more vulnerable to disease and at the same time increases the growth rate of some lethal bacteria." But a second theme emerged indicating that sometimes climate change may have no effect at all. "The other main point that we focused on is that knowing why different pathogens respond differently to climate change is what's needed to help us predict and ultimately manage disease outbreaks in people and animals and plants." Some countries will be much better prepared to handle the disease threat than others, like those in Europe and North America. "Surveillance, vector control, modern sanitation, drugs, vaccines can be deployed to prevent outbreaks of a lot of diseases, especially vector-borne disease or diarrheal disease that are much more problematic in the developing world. And so these can counter the effects of climate change and make it hard to detect increases in those pathogens."

“在北极，有一些能感染麝牛和驯鹿的寄生虫。比如，这些寄生虫变得变得愈发壮大，愈发常见，感染范围也越来越广。 在热带海洋地区，拿加勒比海的珊瑚礁来说，大量且越来越多的证据显示，升温干扰了珊瑚的共生，使得他们更易受疾病侵害，同时也提升了一些致命病毒的生长率。” 但第二主题显示，有时气候变化或许对此毫无影响。 “我们关注的另一个重点是，不同病原体对气候变化有不同反应的原因。了解这一点有助于我们预测并最终控制疾病在人畜和植物间的大爆发。” 一些国家在应对疾病威胁方面得心应手得多，比如欧洲和北美。 “监测、传病媒介控制、现代卫生、药物、疫苗都可以配备以阻止许多疾病的爆发，尤其是虫媒病以及在发展中国家更为棘手的腹泻疾病。因此，这些手段会抵消气候变化所带来的影响，并使得对病原体增长的监测变得困难.