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过去分词作定语时,表示完成和被动的意义。
过去分词作定语的位置:
1.单个的过去分词作定语,绝大部分情况下放在所修饰的名词前。例如:
an excited boy; boiled water.但有时为了强调,也可放在所修饰的名词后。例如:
I want to change the material used.
下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:
departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come
如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的不定代词或指示代词those时,单个的过去分词也要放在被修饰词之后。例如:Is there anybody injured?
2.过去分词短语作定语时放在所修饰的名词后,作用相当于定语从句。例如:
He is reading a novel written (= which was written) by Lu Xun.
Some of the people invited (= who have been invited) to the party can’t come.
过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。如:
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的,受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千个学生出席了。
过去分词常表示动作发生的时间早于谓语动词,或者没有时间性,只表示被动关系.如:
The question discussed is very important.被讨论过的问题是很重要的.(既表被动又表完成)
I don't like to see letters written in pencil.我不喜欢看用铅笔写的信.(没有一定的时间性,只表被动)
过去分词短语作定语有三种时态:表示动作已发生;表示动作将要发生;表示动作正在发生。对比以下三句:
The building built last year is very beautiful.
The building being built will be completed next month.
The building to be built will be a hospital.
责编:郝悦皓
下一篇:解放军文职考试:过去分词作表语
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