初中教育中考化学鄂州市2011年初中毕业及高中阶段招生考试化学样卷（命题人：杨国安、彭加芬）

试卷预览

• 1宁宁在学习“化学元素与人体健康”后，查阅到如下资料，请你给下表的“*”处选择恰当的选项  <table style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; MARGIN-LEFT: 23.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-padding-alt: 1.4pt 5.4pt 1.4pt 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .75pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .75pt solid black" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" _dj="MsoNormalTable"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 127.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.4pt; mso-border-top-alt: .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: .5pt; mso-border-color-alt: black; mso-border-style-alt: solid" width="170">   *   种类</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 254pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.4pt; mso-border-top-alt: .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: .75pt; mso-border-color-alt: black; mso-border-style-alt: solid" width="339">             主要食物来源</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 127.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt" width="170">钙</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 254pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt" width="339">奶类、绿色蔬菜、水产品、肉类、豆类</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 127.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt" width="170">铁</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 254pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt" width="339">肝脏、瘦肉、蛋、鱼、豆类、芹菜</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 127.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt" width="170">锌</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 254pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt" width="339">海产品、瘦肉、肝脏、奶类、豆类、小米</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 127.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.4pt; mso-border-top-alt: .75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: .5pt; mso-border-color-alt: black; mso-border-style-alt: solid" width="170">碘</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 254pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.4pt; mso-border-top-alt: .75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: .75pt; mso-border-color-alt: black; mso-border-style-alt: solid" width="339">海产品、加碘盐</td></tr></tbody></table> 

  A.元素

  B.分子

  C.原子

  D.离子

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• 2我国研制的大型激光器“神光二号”用了磷酸二氢钾（KH₂PO₄）大晶体。下列关于磷酸二氢钾的说法正确的是

  A.磷酸二氢钾是一种氧化物

  B.磷酸二氢钾是一种酸

  C.磷酸二氢钾是一种盐

  D.磷酸二氢钾中含有氢气

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• 32010年2月25日，元谋－禄丰交界处发生地震。为了防止灾区传染病发生，必须对环境进行消毒。下列关于常用消毒剂的叙述正确的是

  A.高锰酸钾的化学式是K2MnO4

  B.H₂O₂中氢元素的质量分数为11.1%

  C.“84消毒液”的有效成分次氯酸钠（NaClO）中氯元素的化合价为-1价

  D.过氧乙酸的化学式为C₂H₄O₃，其碳、氢、氧三种元素的质量比为6∶1∶12

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• 4英国科技人员研制出自动灭火陶瓷砖，砖里压入了一定量的氦气和二氧化碳。这种砖砌成的房屋发生火灾时，在高温烘烤下，砖会裂开并喷出氦气和二氧化碳，从而抑制和扑灭火焰。自动灭火陶瓷砖的灭火原理是

  A.清除可燃物

  B.使燃烧物与氧气隔绝

  C.降低燃烧物的着火点

  D.使燃烧物的温度降到着火点以下

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• 5某企业生产的“土豆农膜”是一种新型环保农膜，在塑料中添加土豆淀粉，可被细菌和微生物释放的酶分解，使塑料呈多孔状，强度下降。下列说法错误的是

  A.塑料属于天然高分子材料

  B.淀粉属于高分子化合物

  C.该新型农膜有助于解决农村“白色污染”问题

  D.土豆农膜容易降解

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• 6下表中，对陈述I、Ⅱ的正确性及其有无因果关系的判断不正确的是 <table style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; MARGIN-LEFT: 23.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; mso-padding-alt: 1.15pt 5.4pt 1.15pt 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" _dj="MsoTableGrid"><tbody><tr style="HEIGHT: 1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 27.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="37"> </td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 160.1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="213">陈述Ⅰ</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 112.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="150">陈述Ⅱ</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 89pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="119">判断</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 27.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="37">A</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 160.1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="213">干冰升华时，吸收大量的热</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 112.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="150">干冰可作制冷剂</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 89pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="119">Ⅰ对；Ⅱ对；有</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 27.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="37">B</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 160.1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="213">氢氧化钠固体在空气中吸收水分并能与二氧化碳反应</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 112.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="150">氢氧化钠固体必须密封保存</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 89pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="119">Ⅰ对；Ⅱ对；有</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 27.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="37">C</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 160.1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="213">硫酸在水溶液中能解离出氢离子</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 112.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="150">浓硫酸能使纸张、小木条变黑</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 89pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="119">Ⅰ对；Ⅱ对；无</td></tr><tr style="HEIGHT: 1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 27.5pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="37">D</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 160.1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="213">铁比铝更易锈蚀</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 112.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="150">铝比铁活泼</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1.15pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 89pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 1pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 1.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="119">Ⅰ对；Ⅱ错；有</td></tr></tbody></table>

  A..

  B..

  C..

  D..

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