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[摘要] 目的 探讨宁夏回族原发性青光眼患者眼部血流动力学改变特点。方法 研究对象为我院确诊的回族原发性青光眼组患者29例58眼,男11例,女18例。另外31例(62眼)正常人作为对照组。采用美国MULTIGON 500M型TCD仪器,探头频率2.0MHz,超声强度10%,取样位置:眶窗;取样深度:50mm,采用单盲法,由同一熟练操作者实施。检测病例组及对照组眼动脉(OA)、视网膜中央动脉(CRA)和睫状后动脉(PCA)。检测指标为:收缩期峰值流速(Vp)、舒张期末流速(Vd)、平均流速(Vm)、搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI),频谱形态,监听频声。结果 青光眼组患者的CRA及SPCA的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)分别为(7.55±2.43)cm/s、(9.37±1.14)cm/s,舒张期血流速度(EDV)分别为(2.10±0.93)cm/s、(2.89±0.79)cm/s,平均流速(MV)分别为(4.54±1.44)cm/s、(5.87±1.23)cm/s,均低于正常对照组,阻力指数(RI)[均为(0.69±0.07)~(0.74±0.05)]明显高于正常对照组。搏动指数(PI,PI=PSV-EDV/mV)青光眼组显著高于正常对照组。慢性开角型青光眼(COAG)与正常组比较,除CRA的平均血流速度(Vm)外,OA及CRA的血流速度均明显减慢。慢性开角型青光眼(COAG)的眼动脉舒张末期血流速度(Vd)、视网膜中央动脉峰速(Vs)较慢性闭角型青光眼(CCAG)明显减慢。结论 青光眼患者血流动力学改变无种族特异性。青光眼患者眼血管血流动力学有明显改变,强调血管性因素可能在青光眼视神经的损伤中发挥了重要作用。球后血管的血流速度下降是影响青光眼患者房水循环,致眼压增高的一个重要因素,从而认为缺血是视盘视野损害的另一因素。多普勒血流的成像研究为正常眼球球后血管血流动力学特点及其病理状态下的改变提供了一种直观、无创伤、可重复的检查方法,此将逐步成为临床青光眼诊断的一个重要方法。
[Abstract] Objective To approach the feature of eye blood vessel hemodynamic change in the patients with primary glaucoma of Muslin popular in China.Methods Studied subjects are 29 patients(58 eyes)with primary glaucoma of Muslin popular in China'who have been admitted in our hospital.The patients are 11 famales and 18 males.The instrument we used is TCD of the type MULTIGON 500 which is made in USA.The frequency of detecting head is 2.0 MHz.The power of supersound is 10 percent'taking of samples is a single blind method made by only one person who can practiced use the instrument.We detect the arteria ophthalmica(OA)arteria centralis retinae and posterior ciliary arteries of case group and control group.The index of detect are the crest value flow number of the period of contraction'the flow number of the end stage of diastolis phase'mean flow velocity(VM)'pulsatility index(PI)'resistant index(RI)'the shape of spectra and the frequency of monitor.Otherwise'we have made a control group of 31 persons(62 eyes)who are health adulds.Results In the patients with primary glaucoma'date of CRA and SPCA are (7.55±2.43)cm/s and (9.37±1.14)cm/s in PSV'(2.10±0.93)cm/s and (2.89±0.79)cm/s in EDV'(4.54±1.44)cm/s and (5.87±1.23)cm/s in MV.All these parameters are lower than normal control.In RI[(0.69±0.07)~(0.74±0.05)]'glaucoma group obvious top than normal control.Except in the VM of CRA'the blood flow rate of OA and CRA are all step down obviously.The blood flow rate of enddiastole in arteria opthalmica'and hump rate of artery central retinal in the patients with COAG(chronic openangle glaucoma)'lower than those in the patients with CCAG(chronic angleclosure glaucoma).Conclusion The patients with glaucoma whose hemodynamic change of eye blood vessel have no group specificity.The eye blood vessel of patients with glaucoma has manifest change'so we can recive a conclusion that blood vessel perhaps is an important factor in the damage of optical nerve of patients with glaucoma.Decrease of postbulbar vessel of blood flow rate is a important factor in the circulation of aqueous fluid and the raise up of intraocular pressure.So we consider that ischemia is another factor in the damage of optic papilla and field of vision.The study of the image of blood flow that is made by Doppler is a examinational method'that can be used in examining the character of postbulbar blood vessel hemodynamic in emmetropia or pathologic stage.The feature of this method are directviewing'nowounded and repeatable.The method will be an important one that used in diagnosing the case glaucoma in clinic.
[Key words] glaucoma;color Doppler ultrasond;blood flow rate
目前的研究表明'青光眼视神经损害是由于慢性增高的眼压对视神经乳头的损害。最新的资料[1]提示,视野损害及视神经损害也可能与眼内血流量的降低有关。单独的眼压增高可以引起视神经的损伤,伴或不伴有眼压增高的血管性因素也可以引起视神经的损伤,这些血管性因素包括血管痉挛、血管硬化或阻塞等,最终导致局部血液循环障碍。原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma'POAG)视盘损害的原因,除了眼压升高引起外,愈来愈多的研究集中在眼部血流动力学方面。本研究应用彩色多普勒显像技术测定了一组正常人及一组回族原发性开角型青光眼的眼动脉及视网膜中央动脉血流动力学参数,并比较了青光眼组与正常对照组之间眼血管血流动力学的差异,旨在了解青光眼的眼血管血流动力学的变化及血流动力学特点。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 将患者分2组,正常人31例(62眼)为对照组,男19例,女12例;年龄17~71岁,平均45.7岁。青光眼组29例(58眼),男11例,女18例,其中慢性开角型青光眼(COAG)17例,慢性闭角型青光眼(CCAG)12例;年龄20~69岁,平均46.2岁。全部青光眼患者均按1987年中华医学会青光眼学组制定的标准诊断[1]。详细询问病史,排除明显心血管疾病史。全部患者均为中晚期青光眼。眼压均控制在4.05kPa以下。
1.2 研究方法 采用美国MULTIGON 500M型TCD仪,探头频率2.0MHz,超声强度10%,取样位置:眶窗;取样深度:50mm,采用单盲法,探头深度2~6mm,采用角度通常为矢状轴上倾斜0°~30°对准眶尖。受检者平卧位,在检查床上休息5~10min后等心脏功能较大限度稳定后再进行检查。轻闭双眼,眼睑上涂耦合剂,多普勒探头放在眼睑的颞上部位,做横切扫查,切忌在眼睑上加压,显示视神经暗区,在筛板后区可见视网膜中央动脉的红色血流像,在视神经距球后1.5~3cm处可见眼动脉红色血流像,调整探头的角度和位置,当显示频谱最为满意时进行测量,测定的OA及CRA的血流动力学参数为:收缩期峰流速度(Vs)、舒张末期血流速度(Vd)、平均血流速度(Vm)、血管搏动指数(PI)及血管阻力指数(RI),所有实验操作由一人固定测定。
1.3 统计学方法 同一患者双眼检测的结果行t检验对照。不同青光眼之间及与正常组之间,如方差齐行方差分析,如方差不齐行扩展t检验。
2 结果彩色多普勒血流成像
(color doppler flow imaging'CDFI)技术是一种定量获得血流速度的诊断方法。我们用此方法对回族青光眼患者及正常人眼部血流动力学情况进行研究,并对动脉血管相关指标进行检测和统计学分析,从中得出一些规律,并与国内一些学者类似的研究进行对照,以检验研究结果的科学性。结果见表1、表2。
责编:杨盛昌
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