2021军队职称英语考试指导：卫生类C级课堂笔记第1讲

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分为三个专业类别：综合类，理工类和卫生类。每个专业类别的考试又各分为A，B，C三个等级。三个等级的考试总分都为100分，考试时间均为2小时。
职称英语考试的考题均由6个部分组成，但不同等级的阅读量和阅读难易程度不同。考题的六的部分分别为：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分);阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分);概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分);阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分);补全短文(第46-50题，每题2分，共10分);完型填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)
各个级别的试卷内容，除了综合类外，普通英语和专业英语考试题目各占50%。以卫生C级阅读理解考题为例：
2003年卫生类C级考题：What is Death?;New foods and the New World;Giving up Smoking
2002年卫生类C级考题：Natural Health Care;On the train;Natural medicines
专业词汇要求：要求考生掌握一定的常见的卫生类专业基本词汇，而比较专业的词汇在考试中通常都会标注出来。以What is Death?为例：该文章中要求考生掌握的专业词汇有：beat(心跳),lung,brain waves,nerve-cell experts,chemical,electrical signal，而考试中对removal,transplant,electrodes,skull等词都有中文标住。
建议考生在复习中结合复习文章适当的掌握一些与专业相关的词汇。
?职称英语等级考试词汇量要求
申报C级的考生要求掌握4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语;这些单词和短语都是在阅读和日常英语中较为常见的词语和短语。如：
2003年C级考题
1.Can you follow the plot?
A.change B.investigate C.write D.understand
D.考点：考察常用多义词。
Follow:vt,vi(常与after连用)跟随，密切注意，明白
e.g.Sorry,I can not follow your method.
补充：
follow:vt.听从;服从
e.g.The soldiers must follow the officers orders.士兵们必须执行军官的命令
as follows如下
e.g.The results are as follows...结果如下…
2.In short,I am going to live here myself.
A.In other words B.That is to say
C.In a word D.To be frank
C.解题思路：借助被选项的特点和构成成分的基本含义(short–a word)判断答案。
In a word：总之
In other words：换句话说
that is to say：换言之;即是;也就是说
To be frank：adv.坦白地说
职称英语等级考试中所涉及的词汇，短语主要根据考试大纲所附的词汇表，超出大纲的词汇一般都会给出中文注释。
?本讲教学目的
对词汇题和完型填空题这两种题型的词汇用法和解题方法的讲解，希望帮助考生复习词汇用法，掌握快速解答这两种题型的思路和技巧。
?词汇题
?考试出题方向分析
词汇题部分不分专业类别，同级别的职称英语词汇题部分试题相同。词汇选项倾向于对名词，动词，形容词和副词这四种词类的考察，考试中有时也会涉及到介词短语。对跨词类词和词义宽的词的考察也是近年来的出题方向;而通常在词汇题的15道题中会有3-5个题是直接或间接出自当年的职称英语书上的词汇题部分。
?例题解析：
词汇选择(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1.A new system of quality control was brought in to overcome the defects in the firm’s products.
A)invested B)introduced C)installed D)insisted
答案及解析:B.解题思路：借助画线短语核心词(bring)的基本含义—“带来/引起”，并借助与画线结构相直接相关的结构含义(质量控制系统被。。)判断B是答案。
Invest:vt.(常与in连用)投入(资金，精力，时间等)
e.g.Ive invested a lot of time and effort in this plan.(喻)
我已在这计划中投入了大量的时间和精力
insist:vi,vt(常与on,that连用)主张;坚持,坚持要求(宾语从句跟虚拟语气结构)
e.g.We insist on/upon self-reliance.
我们坚持自力更生。
e.g.We all insist that we not rest until we finish the work.
大家都坚决要求不完工就不休息
2.Have you talked to her lately?
A)lastly B)shortly
C)recently D)immediately
答案及解析:B。解题思路：抓住句子中与划线部分相关的结构或用词特点。根据句子所在时态判断，C最合适。而lastly是“最后，终于”;shortly是“立刻，不久”;immediately是“立即”。
immediately adv.,conj.立即;即刻
e.g.I came immediately I heard the news.我一听到这个消息,马上就来了。
Synonyms:at once,directly,promptly,quickly
3.The old concerns lose importance and some of them vanish altogether.
A)develop B)disappear
C)link D)renew
答案及解析：B。解题思路：借助句意。and的使用表明前后两个分句是在句意上承接的，这样排除A和D(renew=re+new(re表示“再次”)，所以可推出renew是“更新”)。借助句意判断disappear(消失)是答案。
link vt,vi(常与together,to,with连用)连接
e.g.The two towns are linked by a railway.这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。
4.There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.
A)beats B)matches
C)maintains D)announces
答案及解析：A。break有多种含义，解题思路：借助划线词和被选项的基本词义。Break是“打破,违犯,折断,超过”，而被选项中只有A有“打”的含义，所以判断beat是答案。另外，maintain，announce和match都是常见词，基本含义分别是“保持”，“宣布”和“比得上”。
Maintain:vt.保养;维修;主张;为…辩护(hold/think)
e.g.The car has always been properly maintained.这汽车一直保养得很好。
Match:n.比赛;竞争(game/contest)
e.g.a football match足球比赛
5.The government is debating the education laws.
A)discussing B)defeating C)delaying D)declining
答案及解析:A.解题思路：根据与画线结构搭配的宾语(教育法规)的含义排除B，C和D。
debate:vt,vi讨论，争论;
discuss:vt谈论;讨论;商讨(with sb.)
e.g.I want to discuss your work with you.我想和你一起讨论你的工作
delay:vt,vi,n.推迟;延缓
e.g.The letter was delayed three days by the train accident.
这次火车事故使这封信耽搁了三天。
Decline:vt,vi下降;下滑;下倾
6.They had a far better yield than any other farm miles around this year.
A)goods B)soil
C)climate D)harvest
答案及解析:D。在该句中yield是用作名词(因为该词的前面有不定冠词a)，解题思路：抓住句子中与划线部分相关的结构或用词特点。能与不定冠词a搭配使用的被选项只有C和D(气候，倾向，风气，如：a mild climate温和的气候)。再借助句子中其他特征词：farm，判断harvest“收成”是答案。
Yield:vt,vi出产,(常与to连用)放弃;投降;让步n.产量;收成
e.g.That tree yields fruits.这种树结果。
e.g.The army yielded when it was attacked.
当这支军队受到进攻时投降了
7.We took shelter from the storm in a department store.
A)rescue B)comfort
C)cover D)shade
答案及解析:C。解题思路：句意。
Rescue:vt.营救;救出
e.g.We rescued the boy who fell into the river.
我们救起了掉进河里的小孩。
Cover:vt(常与with连用)覆盖;占(时间或空间)(occupy/take up);行过(路程);通过;负担支付;包括;包含;论及;n.掩体;隐蔽处;盖子;罩子;(图书、杂志的)封面
e.g.She covered the table with a cloth.她用一块布把桌子罩起来。
e.g.The town covers 5 square miles.小镇占地5平方英里。
e.g.I want to cover 100 miles by dark.我想在天黑之前走完100英里。
e.g.These expenses are covered by the state.这些费用都由国家负担
e.g.The review covered everything we learned last term.这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程
8.The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.
A)get rid of B)set up
C)repair D)paint
答案及解析:A。画线短语是动词短语，对于该短语的语义有两种查找方法：1。利用动词do，直接在字典中查找do away with这个短语的语义。不难得出该短语的语义是“去掉”，所以A是答案;2。利用该短语中的词义推测：away是“离开”，而备选项中：set up是“建立”，repair是“修理”，paint是“油漆,描绘”，都与“离开”无关，所以只有get rid of是答案。
9.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.
A)permanent B)powerful
C)striking D)practical
答案及解析:C.解题思路：根据画线词的家族词(drama)的本义和与画线词搭配的结构的含义(变化)，判断C是答案。
Striking:adj.引人注意的;显著的
Dramatic:adj.戏剧的;有关戏剧的;引人注目的
完型填空
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Talking to kids about SARS
School age children may be learning about SARS from adults and the media,but many may not know what to make of the situation,says a national health charity.
The Lung Association says parents should take the time to talk to their __1__ and explain the facts about SARS and how to avoid illness.
The following is based on recommendation __2__ Thursday by the Lung Association:
--Ask your children if they have heard __3__ SRS at school,from friends,from TV,etc.finding out what they already know can be a good __4__ to start the conversation and to dispel any misconceptions they might have about the illness and how it is spread.
--School age children are usually old __5__ to understand concepts such as getting sick from germs and how to avoid illness.A simple reminder __6__ to cough on people and to wash their hands often may be sufficient for younger kids.All children should be shown how to __7__ their hands properly.
--Remember to keep it simple so __8__ not to overwhelm children with information,but answer them truthfully.Kids can tell when youre not being honest or if youre hiding something,and sometimes the unknown can be scarier than the __9__.Parents with anxious children will know __10__ their kids will handle information on SRAS and can tailor their discussion accordingly.
--One way to explain the illness is to tell children that SARS is like a bad breathing problem.It is __11__ from a cold,but people can catch it in the same ways--such as coughing on someone,not washing your hands or sharing a glass with a sick person.
--Describe how SARS is spread,but mention that the chance of __12__ SARS is small.There is no reason to tell children people are dying of SRAS __13__ they ask.Never use the threat of death as a way to remind kids to wash their hands.
--Children should be encouraged to trust __14__ parents and other caregivers.Explain that many smart people,__15__ doctors and scientists,are working on the problem and looking out for everyones health.
1.
A.families
B.children
C.friends
D.doctors
2.
A.released
B.held
C.secured
D.regarded
3.
A.with
B.from
C.about
D.on
4.
A.way
B.path
C.pass
D.wheel
5.
A.already
B.yet
C.enough
D.somewhat
6.
A.not
B.neither
C.nor
D.no
7.
A.hold
B.put
C.shake
D.wash
8.
A.as
B.since
C.that
D.far
9.
A.disease
B.information
C.truth
D.fear
10.
A.why
B.how
C.when
D.what
11.
A.worse
B.different
C.separated
D.similar
12.
A.curing
B.fighting
C.knowing
D.getting
13.
A.unless
B.since
C.after
D.while
14.
A.some
B.their
C.our
D.other
15.
A.as
B.except
C.like
D.despite
答案及解析：
1.文章标题分析：
Talking to kids about SARS
2.根据空格两端特点和备选项特点选择答案。
School age children may be learning about SARS from adults and the media,but many may not know what to make of the situation,says a national health charity.
make of v.用...制造,了解,对待,解释，构成
comp:
make out v.书写,填写,理解,辨认出
make progress前进,进步
make preparations做准备
make。。possible使...变成可能
make oneself at home不要拘束
1.
A.families
B.children
C.friends
D.doctors
The Lung Association says parents should take the time to talk to their __1__ and explain the facts about SARS and how to avoid illness.
B.分析：备选项是名词，注意词义上的差异和空格的搭配结构。线索：借助搭配结构和文章中心(标题内容)选择答案B。
2.
A.released
B.held
C.secured
D.regarded
The following is based on recommendation __2__ Thursday by the Lung Association:
分析：备选项是动词，注意词义之间的差异和空格所在的结构。线索：由肺病协会所。。的建议，根据这个结构含义，判断选项为A。
release vt(常与from连用)释放
e.g.I released the horse and it ran away.
我放了这匹马，让它跑走了。
secure adj安全的,可靠的;vt赢得，获得，取得
e.g.I dont feel secure when I am alone in the house.
我一个人在家时感到不安全。
e.g.Can you secure me two good tickets for the concert?
你能为我弄到两张音乐会的好票吗?
Regard vt注视;看待;对待,n尊重;尊敬,(pl)致意;问侯
e.g.You cant regard him as a friend but a business associate.
你不能把他看作朋友,只是个生意合伙人。
e.g.Give my regards to your parents.
代我向你父母问好。
in regard of[to]关于
in this regard关于此事;在这点上
regard...as...把...视为;认为...是
3.
A.with
B.from
C.about
D.on
--Ask your children if they have heard __3__ SRS at school,from friends,from TV,etc.
分析：备选项是介词，首先考虑搭配结构。
hear of v.听说
hear about听说,接到消息
hear from v.接到...的信,受...批评
4.
A.way
B.path
C.pass
D.wheel
Finding out what they already know can be a good __4__ to start the conversation and to dispel(驱散，消除)any misconceptions they might have about the illness and how it is spread.
分析：备选项又都是名词，发现词义A，B接近，注意搭配。线索：不定式to
way:n.方式，方法(+of/to do sth.)
e.g.Some like the older ways of doing things.
有些女性喜欢处理事务的老办法。
e.g.Can you suggest a good way for us to ask people to send us the money?
您能不能给我们建议一个好办法,让我们请大家送钱给我们?
path:途径;方式(+介词to)
e.g.Hard work is the path to success.努力工作是成功之路。
Pass n.经过,关口,途径,护照vt.通过,传递
find out v.找出,发现,查明(真相等),认识到
5.
A.already
B.yet
C.enough
D.somewhat
--School age children are usually old __5__ to understand concepts such as getting sick from germs(细菌)and how to avoid illness.
分析：备选项出现副词，注意其修饰的结构含义和这些副词的使用特点。线索：空格后是不定式结构，而空格修饰的是形容词。
Enough pron足够，adj足够的，adv充足，足够
e.g.We have enough to do.
我们有足够的事要做。
e.g.It is light enough to play chess.
要下棋这样的光线还是够亮的。
Somewhat adv有几分，略，稍
e.g.I was somewhat surprised.
我有点惊讶。
Yet adv还，尚，仍
e.g.The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died.
医生们尚未确定这位妇女的死因。
e.g.He was poor,yet happy.
他很穷，可是很快乐。
as yet迄今;到目前为止
e.g.As yet,no man has set foot on Mars.
到目前为止还没有人登上火星。
Already adv已经
e.g.She had already gone when I arrived.
我到的时候她已经走了。
6.
A.not
B.neither
C.nor
D.no
A simple reminder(提示)__6__ to cough on people and to wash their hands often may be sufficient for younger kids.
分析：备选项都是否定副词，注意空格所在结构的特点。线索：空格在句子中构成不定式结构的否定，而该结构又作定语修饰前面的A simple reminder。
No.adj没有,不准;不(允)许;不要
e.g.No task is so difficult but(that)we can accomplish it.
不管任务怎样困难,我们都能完成。
e.g.No farther!
别再向前走啦。;别再说啦。
e.g.No smoking!
禁止吸烟!
Neither adv也不,conj既不;也不
e.g.He answered me,but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly.
他回答了我的问题,但是他说得又快又不清楚。
e.g.He doesnt smoke，neither does he drink.
他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
Nor conj(与neither连用)也不,(与not连用)也不;又不
e.g.Neither he nor his friends came back.
他和他的朋友都没有回来。
e.g.He cant do it,nor can I,nor can you,nor can anybody.
他不能做这事，我也不能，你也不能，任何人都不能。
7.
A.hold
B.put
C.shake
D.wash
All children should be shown how to __7__ their hands properly.
分析：备选项是动词，注意词义差异和搭配结构。上文中已经提到“洗手”，所以D是答案。
8.
A.as
B.since
C.that
D.far
--Remember to keep it simple so __8__ not to overwhelm children with information,but answer them truthfully.
分析：备选项出现多种词类的选项，注意空格在句子中的语法功能和搭配结构。So as to:
(adv.使得,以致)是固定搭配结构。
(A级词汇)Overwhelm vt.倾覆，压倒，使不安
e.g.be overwhelmed by grief伤心已极
e.g.The boat was overwhelmed by the waves.船被浪打翻了。
9.
A.disease
B.information
C.truth
D.fear
Kids can tell when youre not being honest or if youre hiding something,and sometimes the unknown can be scarier(引起惊慌的)than the __9__.
分析：备选项都是名词，注意词义的差异和空格所在的结构。线索：借助句意，尤其是空格前句中的提示词the unknown和前句中的truthfully，综合判断答案为C。
10.
A.why
B.how
C.when
D.what
Parents with anxious children will know __10__ their kids will handle information on SRAS and can tailor their discussion accordingly.
分析：备选项是连词，注意其所在句子中的使用结构和结构的语意。
Tailor vt.缝制，使配合，使适应
e.g.be tailored for a special purpose
适应特殊目的
--One way to explain the illness is to tell children that SARS is like a bad breathing problem.
Bad：adj.严重的
e.g.a bad cold重感冒
e.g.Janet had a bad cough all last week.
珍妮特上星期一直咳得很厉害。
11.
A.worse
B.different
C.separated
D.similar
It is __11__ from a cold,but people can catch it in the same ways--such as coughing on someone,not washing your hands or sharing a glass with a sick person.
分析：备选项都是形容词，注意词义差异和使用特点。线索：介词from。
Similar adj相像的，相似的;近似的
e.g.My new dress is similar to the one you have.
我的新衣服和你的那件相似。
Separate vt,vi分开;离开;隔开，阻隔
e.g.The two children separated at the end of the road.
两个孩子在路的尽头分手了。
e.g.A fence separated the cows from the pigs.
围栏把奶牛和猪分开。
Different adj(常from,to与连用)不同的;相异的;不同类的
e.g.It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting.
它与现代小汽车比赛大不相同,但激动人心的程度却毫不逊色。
12.
A.curing(*)
B.fighting(*)
C.knowing
D.getting
--Describe how SARS is spread,but mention that the chance of __12__ SARS is small.
分析：备选项是动词，注意词义差别和在句子中的搭配结构。线索：句意和上下文。或用排除法排除A和B(近义词)。
13.
A.unless
B.since
C.after
D.while
There is no reason to tell children people are dying of SRAS __13__ they ask.Never use the threat of death as a way to remind kids to wash their hands.
分析：备选项是引导状语从句的连词，注意分句和主句之间的逻辑关系。线索：接下来一句的句意。
Remind vt(常与of,to+inf,that连用)使想起;使记起;提醒
Remind me to write to Mother.
提醒我给妈妈写信。
This reminds me of last year.
这使我想起去年的事。
14.
A.some
B.their
C.our
D.other
--Children should be encouraged to trust __14__ parents and other caregivers.
分析：备选项中有代词出现，注意代词的修饰成分和句意。
15.
A.as
B.except
C.like
D.despite
Explain that many smart people,__15__ doctors and scientists,are working on the problem and looking out for everyones health.
分析：备选项是词义较明确的介词，注意其引导的短语在句子中的语法关系。该介词短语在句子中起举例的作用。
Like prep如同，像，和…一样，例如，诸如
I wish I could sing like her.
我希望能像她那样唱歌。
There are several people interested,like Mr Jones and Mr Simpson.
许多人很有兴趣，诸如琼斯先生和辛普森先生。
feel like想要
look like似乎，好像
work on v.继续工作,设法说服,影响
look out v.留神,照料