非谓语动词解析4

三、分词
1.分词作定语
1）分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前,作前置定语,也可以放在所修饰的词后面,作后置定语.其作用相当于一个定语从句.例如:
Where are the reserved seats?（=Where are the seats which have been reserved?）
预定的座位在哪里?
This is a pressing problem.（=This is a problem which is pressing.）
这是一个紧迫的问题.
2）分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种,其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.例如:
The funds raised（=which have been raised）are mainly used for helping the homeless.
筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人.
There are many students waiting（=who are waiting）to get examined.
有许多学生在等待检查.
This book,written（=which is written）in simple English,is suitable for beginners.
本书是用浅显的英语写的,适合初学者.
3）分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语.例如:
The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.
那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人.
The newly-built building is our office building.
这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼.
4）有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语,并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成.这类过去分词常作前置修饰语.例如:
There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天有许多落叶.
The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.
这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事.
常用的这一类词有:fallen,faded,returned,retired,risen,grown up,vanished等.