非谓语动词解析5

2.分词作宾语补足语
1）跟分词作宾补的动词有:catch,have get,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等.例如:
When they returned home from the holiday,they found their house stolen.
当他们度假完回到家时,发现房子被盗了.（过去分词表示被动）
2）在复合宾语中,用现在分词作宾补,说明宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系;用过去分词作宾补,表示宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑上的动宾关系.例如:
There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard.
由于十分吵闹,讲话人没法让人听到他的声音.
When he awoke,he found himself being looked after by an old woman.
他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他.
3.分词作状语
1）分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况.通常可转换成相应的状语从句;表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句.例如:
Confined to bed（=Because she was confined to bed）,she needed to be waited on in everything.
她卧病在床,什么事都需要人伺候.（作原因状语）
Having only book knowledge（=If you only have book knowledge）,you will not be
able to work well.
如果只有书本知识,你就不可能做好工作.（作条件状语）
They stood there waiting for the bus.（=They stood there and waited for the bus.）
他们站在那里等公共汽车.（作方式状语）
2）现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较
不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语,如果单独作状语,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致.分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句,如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词;如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构,就用现在分词.有时为了强调,分词前可带连词when,while,if,though,as if,unless等一起作状语,以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯.例如:
Working hard（If you work hard）,you will succeed.
如果你努力,你会成功的.
Defeated（=Though he was defeated）,he remained a popular boxer.
虽然他被击败了,但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手.