2020军队职称英语理工类AB级模拟试题二(10)

第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）
第1篇
1．A．三个被选项均提到了节约能量，因此首先关注前两个段落中涉及到节约能量的句子，利用被选项中的细节信息结构（A：from clear to dark,B:light;C:heat;D:the outside world）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
Windows not only（不但...而且...）let light(光)in to cut down（砍倒，减少）an electricity（电）use（使用）for lighting（照明）,but the light coming through（通过）the window also provides（提供）heat（热）.However,windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology.Researchers（研究者）are now working on（继续研究，设法说服）new technologies（技术）that enable（使能够）a window to quickly（很快地）change from clear to dark and anywhere in between（在此之间，在...之间）with（用）a flip（轻敲）of a switch(开关).
（第2段）“It took（花费）us a long time to figure out（弄清楚，计算出）what a window really is,”says Claes Granqvist.He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3.“It’s contact（接触）with the outside world.You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.”So,windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.
第一段中的答案相关句说：窗户因为让阳光进入房间，并且为房间提供热源，所以节约了能源。第二段中的答案相关句说：窗户使人们能接触外部世界。所以B、C和D都说明了窗户的重要性。所以A是错误的说法。
2．D．细节题。利用被选项中的细节信息词（A：cold winter;B:hot summer;C:air conditioners）作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：顺着上一题的答案位置往下查找答案相关句：
（第一题答案相关句）Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting,but the light coming through the window also provides heat.However,windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology.（第一题答案相关句）Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2.
“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,”says Claes Granqvist.He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3.（第一题答案相关句）“It’s contact with the outside world.You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.”So,windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.
（第3段）Yet,windows are the weak link（问题句中的核心词）in a building when it comes to（当提到...）energy(能量)and temperature（温度）control（控制，管理）.In the winter,cold air（空气）leaks(渗透，漏)in.When it’s hot and sunny（阳光充足的）,sunlight（阳光）streams（流淌，溪，河流）in.All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy.And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners.Producing blasts of cold air,which can feel so refreshing,actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
短文第三段的第一句说：windows are the weak link in a building，接下来是对这句话分寒冬和炎夏做了说明。所以D是正确选择。
3．C．细节题。利用被选项中的核心词及细节信息词（A:coat;B:glaze;C:change;D:many layers）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
（第2题答案相关句）Yet,windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control.In the winter,cold air leaks in.When it’s hot and sunny,sunlight streams in.All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy.And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners.Producing blasts of cold air,which can feel so refreshing,actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
(第4段)Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time.Over the years,scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating（对应选项A中的coat）,glazing（对应选项B中的glaze）,and layering（对应选项D中的layer）windows to make them more energy efficient.Smart windows go a step further.They use（使用）chromogenic（发色的）technologies（技术）which involve（包括）changes of color.
第四段告诉我们，多年来，科学家已研究出多种通过窗户节能的办法，而smart windows使用的技术使窗户能变换颜色。所以C是正确选择。
4．B．细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息结构（electrochromic windows，window glass）及被选项中的细节信息结构（黑体结构）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time.Over the years,scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating,glazing,and layering windows to make them more energy efficient.（答案相关句）Smart windows go a step further.They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.
(第5段)Electrochromic windows（电致变色的）use electricity to change color.For example（例如）,a sheet of（一片）glass coated with thin（薄薄的）layers of chemical（化学的）compound（混合物）such as（例如）tungsten oxide（氧化钨）works（工作）a bit（一点/少许）like（象）a battery（电池）.Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed,that is,when the amount of voltage is decreased,the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away.So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
第五段第二句提供了答案。a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide中的coated是“涂上一层薄薄的．．．”的意思。
5．C．被选项中出现了大量的修饰词，利用这些词（A：different;B:large;D:expensive,traditional）及选项C中的细节信息词（air conditioner）共同作为答案线索,在文章中查找答案相关句：
(最后一段)One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of“memory.”All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other.Then,it stays that way.Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes,depending on the size of the window.The development（发展）of smart windows could mean（意味着）that massive（巨大的）air conditioning systems may no longer（不再）need.“In the future,”Granqvist says,“our buildings may look different.
段落最后一段的倒数第2句是直接答案相关句，根据该句内容判断C是答案。