2020军队职称英语理工AB概括大意完成句子试题(3)

Even Intelligent People Can Fail
l The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed．Turn on a light,take a photograph,watch TV,search the Web，jet across the Pacific Ocean，talk on a cellphone(手机)．The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze(错综复杂)of wrong turns．
2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary，of American innovator Thomas Edison’s success in heating a thin line to white―hot heat for l4 hours in his lab in New Jersey,US．He did that on October 22．1879．and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight(点亮着的)in all airless space for 45 hours．Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan,even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on,on September 4,1882．
3“Many of life’failures,”the supreme innovator said，“are people who did not realize howclose they were to success when they gave up．’’Before that magical moment in October 1879，Edison had worked out no fewer than 3，000 theories about electric light，but in only two cases did his experiments work．
4 NO one likes failure,but the smart innovators learn from it．Mark Gumz，the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc．attributes some of the company’s successes in technology to understanding failure．His popular phrase is：“You only fail when you quit．”
5 Over two centuries．the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence．That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing．Walt Disney．the founder of Disneyland，was so broke after a succession of financial failures that hewas left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US$1．50 to get his shoes from the repair shop．Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car．
6 Failure is harder to bear in today’s open．accelerated world．Hardly any innovation works the first time．But an impatient society and the media want instant success．When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time，a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records(Geffen’s company)and the Titanic(the ship that went down)was that the Titanic had better music．Actually，it wasn’t．After four years of losses，Geffen had so many hits(成功的作品)he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic a11 to himself．
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4.Paragraph 5
A Importance of Learning from Failure
B Quality Shared by Most Innovators
C Edison’s Innovation
D Edison’s Comment on Failure
E Contributions Made by Innovators
F Miseries Endured by Innovators
5 People often didn’t realize how close they were to success when ___.
6 Before Henry Ford eventually developed the Model T car，___.
7 Walt Disney was once so poor that ____.
8 The media demand that ___.
A.he developed 3,000 theories
B.he couldn’t afford to buy a pair of shoes
C.he found himself an unsuccessful man
D.they quitted
E.an innovation should work immediately
F.failure is the mother of success.
参考答案：
1.C。分析:该段中出现了特征词Thomas Edison,而且该段内容主要围绕Thomas Edison在进行讲述(段落中的代词he也是指代Thomas Edison),因此判断Thomas Edison是该段主题词,因此答案只能出自C和D.比较这两个选项,不难发现D中提到的Failure在段落中没有呼应的词语或内容,而且段落一开始提到的就是“Thomas Edison成功地把一根细线加热到白热状态，而且这个状态持续了14个小时（凭借背景知识我们知道这是爱迪生灯丝的发明），因此可以肯定地判断C（爱迪生的新发明）是答案。
2．D。分析:该段只有两句话组成,而每句话中的核心词(主语)都是Edison,因此Edison也是这段的主题词,这样看来D可能是答案,而且D中提到的“失败”和“评论”在该段中也出现了，因此判断D是答案。
3.A。分析:段落中failure频繁出现,所以failure应该是该段的主题词,因此判断A可能是答案,而且段首句(观点句)说“没有人喜欢失败，但是聪明的改革家会从失败中学到教训。”，显然该句内容也与A的内容一致。
4.B.分析:段首句中出现了B中的核心词Quality,而且短首句(观点句)说“在过去两个世纪里，发明家之间最共同的特征是他们一直是持之以恒”。显然这句话的内容与B的内容一致，因此判断B是答案。
5.D.分析:解题思路1:借助空格所在句子的句意判断D最合适.整个句子的大意是“人们通常在放弃的时候并没有认识到他们距离成功已经不远了。”；思路2：借助文章中相关语句：利用句子中的修饰词how close作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：“Many of life’failures,”the supreme最优秀的innovator said，“are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up．因此判断D是答案。
6．C。分析：利用句子中出现的特征词Henry Ford和Model T car作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car．该句说“作为汽车行业领头人的汽车制造商Henry Ford，在其研制出T型汽车之前曾被一家公司拒绝了，然后又被另一家公司赶了出去。”，借助这个句子内容判断C（他认为自己是一个不成功的人）是答案。
7．B.分析：该题可以直接借助句意判断：空格前句说“Walt Disney曾经是如此的贫穷，以至于…”,比较剩下的被选项判断B(他买不起一双鞋)是最适合的答案.
8.E。分析:借助空格前面的内容“媒体要求….”，判断E（一项发明应该立刻起作用）最合适。A中的代词he在这个句子中没有指代的内容；F（失败是成功之母）显然不是媒体要求的内容，所以答案只能是E。