2020年军队职称英语《卫生类B级》冲刺模拟试卷一

　　第一部分 ：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

　　下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，(环球网校2016职称英语《卫生类B级》冲刺模拟试卷一)

　　请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

　　(1) She wascheerfulto hear that his son has got the gold medal.

　　A: excited

　　B: hateful

　　C: horrible

　　D: thankful

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　本题考查形容词。题干 ：她听到她儿子获得了金牌很开心。画线词cheerful意为“兴高采烈的，开心的”。四个选项：excited意为“兴奋的”，hateful意为“憎恨的”，horrible意为“恐怖的”，thankful意为“感激的”。cheerful与excited在语义上比较接近，故正确答案为A。

　　(2) Relief workers wereastonishedby what they saw and heard.

　　A: moved

　　B: touched

　　C: surprised

　　D: worried

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　本题是对形容词的考查。题干 ：救援人员被所见所闻惊呆了。题干画线单词astonish的意思是“惊讶”。moved意为“感动的”，touched意为“感动的”，surprised意为“惊讶的”，worried意为“忧虑的”。根据题意，正确答案为C。(环球网校2016职称英语《卫生类B级》冲刺模拟试卷一)

　　(3) That guy is intelligent but a bitdull.

　　A: strange

　　B: special

　　C: quiet

　　D: boring

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　本题考查形容词。题干 ：那个人很智慧，但有点无趣。画线单词dull 的意思是“无聊的，无趣的”。四个选项： strange意为“奇怪的”， special意为“特殊的”，quiet意为“安静的”,bonn9意为“无聊的”。根据题干，正确答案为D。

　　(4) He has found a lot ofreasonsto explain his failure.

　　A: effects

　　B: results

　　C: causes

　　D: bases

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　本题是对名词的考查。他找到很多理由来解释自己的失败。题干画线词reason意为“原因，理由”，选项effect意为“影响，效果”，result意为“结果”，cause意为“原因，目标”，base意为“基础，底部”，所以正确答案为C。

　　(5) The police could not find amotivefor the murder.

　　A: target

　　B: reason

　　C: discussion

　　D: remark

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　本题考查名词。题干 ：经常找不到他的杀人动机。画线单词motive 的意思是“动机”。四个选项：target意为“ 目标”, reason意为“原因”，discussion意为“讨论”，remark意为“评论”。根据题干，正确答案为B。

　　(6) The town is famous for itsmagnificentbuildings.

　　A: high-rise

　　B: modem

　　C: splendid

　　D: ancient

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　本题是对形容词的考查。题干 ：这个城镇以它宏伟的建筑而闻名。题干画线词magnificent意为“壮丽的，宏伟的”。四个选项：high-rise意为“高层的，高楼的”，modem意为“现代的”, splendid意为“辉煌的，壮观的”，ancient意为“古老的”，所以正确答案为C。

　　(7) There is afallin the number of students who take this major.

　　A: decrease

　　B: rise

　　C: top

　　D: increase

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　本题是对名词的考查。选择这个专业的学生数量下降。题干画线词fall意为“ 降落，落下”，选项decrease意为“减少，减小”，rise意为“上升”，top意为“超越，达到顶点”，increase意为“上升”。因为职称英语词汇题一般不考查近义词辨析，故B、C、D均可排除，所以正确答案为A。

　　(8) We have made a (an)tryto carry out the plan.

　　A: attempt

　　B: effort

　　C: energy

　　D: source

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　本题是对名词的考查。题干 ：我们尝试执行这个计划。题干画线词try意为“尝试”。attempt意为“试图，尝试”，effort意为“努力”，energy意为“能量”，source意为“来源”，所以正确答案为A。

　　(9) She is ahighlysuccessful teacher.

　　A: fairly

　　B: rather

　　C: very

　　D: moderately

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　本题考查副词。题干 ：她是个十分成功的老师。画线单词highly 的意思是“十分，非常”。四个选项：fairly意为“非常”，rather意为“非常”，very意为“十分，非常，很”，moderately意为“适度地”。fairly与very都可以作为程度副词，但very程度更高。rather常修饰贬义形容词。综合来看，正确答案为C。(环球网校2016职称英语《卫生类B级》冲刺模拟试卷一)

　　(10) I have to goat once.

　　A: soon

　　B: immediately

　　C: now

　　D: early

　　答案:B

　　解析: 本题是对词组的考查。题干 ：我必须马上走。题干画线词at once意为“马上”。四个选项：soon意为“很快”，immediately意为“马上”，now意为“现在”，early意为“早”。故选B。

　　(11) They were determined tocarry outthe research at once.

　　A: fetched

　　B: conducted

　　C: attracted

　　D: pushed

　　答案:B

　　解析: 本题考查动词。题干 ：他们决定马上开展这项研究。画线词carry out意为“开展，执行”。四个选项：fetch意为“抵达，取来”, conduct意为“组织，引导，实施”，attract意为“吸引”, push意为“推动”。conduct在语义上与原句接近，故正确答案为B。

　　(12) He willabandonhis early decision and make a new one.

　　A: strengthen

　　B: win

　　C: quit

　　D: unite

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　本题考查动词。题干 ：他将放弃早期的决定，然后重新做出决定。画线词abandon意为“抛弃，放弃”。四个选项：strengthen意为“加强”, win意为“获得，赢得”，quit意为“放弃，辞去”，unite意为“联合，统一”，故正确答案为C。

　　(13) It isobviousthat he has made the right decision.

　　A: likely

　　B: possible

　　C: clear

　　D: probable

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　本题是对形容词的考查。题干 ：很明显，他做出了正确的选择。题干画线词obvious意为“ 明显的”。四个选项：likely意为“可能的”，possible意为“可能的”，clear意为“清楚的”，probable意为“可能的”，可知正确答案为C。

　　(14)Will you pleasecallmy husband as soon as possible?

　　A: contact

　　B: consult

　　C: phone

　　D: visit

　　答案:C

　　解析:本题是对动词的考查。题干 ：你能尽快给我丈夫打电话吗?题干画线词call意为“打电话”。四个选项：contact意为“接触”，consult意为“商量”，visit意为“拜访”，phonephone up意为“打电话”。故选C。

　　(15) Lake Erie islinked toLake Ontario by the Niagara River.

　　A: connected to

　　B: turned into

　　C: emptied into

　　D: diverted to

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　本题是对动词短语的考查。伊利湖与尼加拉瓜河边的安大略湖相连。题干画线词link to意为“连接 ;联系”，选项connect to意为“连接 ;连接 ;把……联系起来” ;turn into意为“变成” ;empty into意为“倒空 ;使流入” ;divert to意为“转移 ;使转向”，所以答案为A。

　　第二部分 ：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A ;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B ;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

　　(16)根据下面材料，回答题。

　　Privacy Worry May Keep HIV Patients from Therapy

　　Patients infected with HIV are often concerned about the confidentiality of their HIV-positive status. In fact, some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatmentto prevent the release of this information, according to a report published in the Augustissue of AIDS Care.Dr. Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein and colleagues from Duke University, Durham, NorthCarolina, studied the confidentiality issues of 15 HIV-infected patients from rural NorthCarolina locations. They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudestoward, and experiences with, breaches in confidentiality."The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV-infectedpatients receive," Whetten-Goldstein said. "Most studied patients had experienced or knewsomeone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality.""Two types of breaches occurred, " Whetten-Goldstein noted. "The first was a moreobvious type of breach. One example was a nurse who told her child that her patient wasHIV-positive out of concern that her child would play with the patient's child.""The other type of breach was more subtle, one that providers might not consider breaches," Whetten-Goldstein explained. "This type of breach involves providers talking about apatient's HIV status without the patient's knowledge of the interaction.""The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution,but patient's consent must be obtained before providers at different institutions can shareinformation,"she pointed out."Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are going to shareinformation with other providers and why it is being done," Whetten-Goldstein said. "They also felt that providers should be punished when a breach occurs.""However, because patients are often reluctant to seek legal action which may further expose their status, they felt that the system should regulate itself," she added. All patients in the study refuse to receive any treatment because of the possibility to expose their HIV status.

　　A: Right

　　B: Wrong

　　C: Not mentioned

　　答案:B

　　解析:题干 ：研究中所有的病人都拒绝接受任何治疗，因为这可能会暴露自己携带HIV病毒的状况。第一段第二句说，“事实上，有些病人如此担心以至于真的要放弃治疗以防止个人隐私被泄露”。这里指的只是some，而不是all，故本题是错误的。(环球网校2016职称英语《卫生类B级》冲刺模拟试卷一)

　　(17) Worry about breaches in confidentiality of the HIV status has nothing to do with the curative effects on patients.

　　A: Right

　　B: Wrong

　　C: Not mentioned

　　答案:B

　　解析: 题干 ：担心破坏HIV状况的保密性，与有效治疗病人毫无关系。第三段第一句说，“担心泄密必定影响HIV感染者所接受的治疗”，而本题却说它“与疗效无关”(have nothing to do with)，显然是错误的。

　　(18) Medical workers of an institution cannot freely provide their HTV-patients' information to those of other institutions.

　　A: Right

　　B: Wrong

　　C: Not mentioned

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　题干 ：一个机构的医疗工作者不能将HIV病人的信息随意透露给其他机构。第六段说，“法律允许同一单位的医生共同使用病人资料，其他单位的医生必须征得病人同意才能使用这些资料”，故本题是正确的。

　　(19) Whether an HIV-infected patient agrees to other (not his) medical workers' sharing the information about his HIV status is one of the rights given by the constitution.

　　A: Right

　　B: Wrong

　　C: Not mentioned

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　题干 ：病人是否同意其他医生使用他们的HIV病情资料是宪法赋予的权利之一。通篇文章只在第六段说必须征得病人同意，而根本没有提到宪法，应属于没有提到。

　　(20) Most patients in the study strongly object to the breaches in the confidentiality of their HIV status.

　　A: Right

　　B: Wrong

　　C: Not mentioned

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　题干 ：大多数病人强烈反对泄露他们的HIV病情。这与第七段第二句所说的“他们还认为泄密的医生应该受到惩罚”是相一致的，故应是正确的。

　　(21) Quite a few patients will firmly defend their own right if such a breach occurs.

　　A: Right

　　B: Wrong

　　C: Not mentioned

　　答案:B

　　解析: 题干 ：如果发生泄密，许多病人(注意quite a few是“相当多” 的意思，不是a few几个)会坚决捍卫自己的权利。这与第八段所说的“病人常常不愿意采取法律行动，因为这样会进一步暴露其病情”是不一致的，故应是错误的。

　　(22) Breaches in confidentiality are common in medical circles all over the world.

　　A: Right

　　B: Wrong

　　C: Not mentioned

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　题干 ：泄密在世界各国的医务界都是常事。文章第三段虽然指出大部分调查对象都有类似经历或者认识有过类似经历的人，但并没有提及这种事是否在世界范围内常常发生。

　　第三部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务 ：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的4个选项中为每段选择1个正确的小标题 ;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

　　(23)根据下面材料，回答题。

　　Estee Lauder Died

　　1 The child of Central European immigrants who created an international cosmetics(化妆品)empire and became one of the most influential women in US, died on Saturday.Estee Lauder died at her home in Manhattan, New York City, a company spokeswoman said. She was 97.

　　2 Born in Queens, New York in 1908, Lauder was the daughter of a Hungarian mother and a Czech father.

　　3 Lauder began her business career by selling skincare products developed by her uncle John Schotz, a chemist, to beauty salons (美容院) and hotels. In 1930, she married Joseph Lauder who became her partner. The company, which became known as Estee Lauder, took off after World War II.

　　4 In 1953, the company introduced its first perfume (香水), Youth Dew, the first of a range of fragrances that has now grown to more than 70. They include: Aramis, a line of products forb men, launched in 1964; and Clinique, a range of odourless (无臭的) cosmetics, which followed in 1968.

　　5 By the time she retired in 1995, Lauder was presiding over a multibillion-dollar enterprise,which now ranks number 349 in the Fortune 500 list of largest US companies. In 1998, she was the only woman to feature in Time magazine's selection of the 20 most important business geniuses of the last century. There were two secrets to her success: her gift for selling things and her tireless energy and determination never to accept second best.

　　6 Even after her retirement at the age of 89, Lauder remained closely involved. Beauty, Lauder believed, was the most important thing in life.

　　7 She wrote in her 1985 autobiography, "Estee, a Success Story" : "In a perfect world, we'd all be judged on the sweetness of our souls. But in our less than perfect world, the woman who looks pretty has a distinct advantage and, usually, the last word. "

　　Paragraph 2 __________.

　　A: Early career

　　B: Childhood

　　C: Products

　　D: Retirement

　　E: Cosmetics Empress

　　F: Birth

　　答案:F

　　解析:第二段没有明确的段落主题句。大意是 ：Lauder 1908

　　年出生在纽约的昆斯区，母亲是匈牙利人，父亲是捷克人。故F( 出生)为正确答案。(环球网校2016职称英语《卫生类B级》冲刺模拟试卷一)

　　(24) Paragraph 3 __________.

　　A: Early career

　　B: Childhood

　　C: Products

　　D: Retirement

　　E: Cosmetics Empress

　　F: Birth

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　第三段没有明确的段落主题句。大意是 ：Lander卖给美容院和宾馆的护肤品是她叔叔

　　John Schotz开发的，就这样开始了她的从商生涯。所以A(早年生涯)为正确答案。

　　(25) Paragraph 4__________.

　　A: Early career

　　B: Childhood

　　C: Products

　　D: Retirement

　　E: Cosmetics Empress

　　F: Birth

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　第四段没有明确的段落主题句。主要讲了她的两个产品，所以C(产品)为正确答案。

　　(26) Paragraph 5__________.

　　A: Early career

　　B: Childhood

　　C: Products

　　D: Retirement

　　E: Cosmetics Empress

　　F: Birth

　　答案:E

　　解析:

　　第五段没有明确的段落主题旬。主要讲的是她取得的巨大成就，所以E(化妆品皇后)

　　为正确答案。

　　(27) Lauder regarded beauty__________.

　　A: at the age of 97

　　B: as the most important thing in life

　　C: by John Schotz

　　D: in 1908

　　E: in cosmetics

　　F: on the sweetness of our souls

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　题干 ：Lander视美丽为__________。根据beauty定位到第六段中的“…Beauty，Lauder

　　believed，was the most important thing in

　　life”。believe和regard是近义词，表示“看作”。故答案为B(生命中最重要的东西)。

　　(28) Lauder died__________.

　　A: at the age of 97

　　B: as the most important thing in life

　　C: by John Schotz

　　D: in 1908

　　E: in cosmetics

　　F: on the sweetness of our souls

　　答案:A

　　解析: 题干 ：Lauder__________逝世。利用题干关键词died可以定位到第一段中的“Estee

　　Lauder died at her home in Manhattan，New York City，a company spokeswoman

　　said.She was 97”，故A(在97岁时)为正确答案。

　　(29) Before marriage,she sold products formulated __________.

　　A: at the age of 97

　　B: as the most important thing in life

　　C: by John Schotz

　　D: in 1908

　　E: in cosmetics

　　F: on the sweetness of our souls

　　答案:C

　　解析: 题干 ：结婚前，她销售__________研制的产品。利用题干关键词sell product

　　可以定位到第三段中的“Lauder began her business career by selling skincare products

　　developed by her uncle John Schotz”，即Lauder销售她叔叔John Schotz

　　开发的护肤品，以此开始了她自己的从商生涯。formulated(配置)与developed(开发)

　　在此处意思很相近，故C(John Schotz)为正确答案。

　　(30) After retirement, she continued to show her interest__________.

　　A: at the age of 97

　　B: as the most important thing in life

　　C: by John Schotz

　　D: in 1908

　　E: in cosmetics

　　F: on the sweetness of our souls

　　答案:E

　　解析: 题干 ：退休后，她依然对__________表现出兴趣。利用题干关键词after retirement

　　等可以定位到第六段中的“Even after her retirement at the age of 89，Lauder remained

　　closely involved，”即89岁退休后，她依然积极参与其中。故E(化妆品)为正确答案。

　　第四部分 ：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

　　短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

　　(31) 根据下面材料，回答题。

　　Schooling and Education

　　It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education.

　　Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no limits. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or in a theatre. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a respected grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy (婴儿期) on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term.(环球网校2016职称英语《卫生类B级》冲刺模拟试卷一)

　　It is a lifelong (一生的) process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral (基本的) part of one's entire life. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned (指定的) seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are words or an understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are defmite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.

　　Which of the following is TRUE according to the author?

　　A: School is the place where people get informal education.

　　B: Education means schooling.

　　C: Education can be both formal and informal.

　　D: Going to school is the only way to receive education.

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：根据作者的意思，以下哪个说法是正确的?利用题干定位不到相关信息

　　，改由通过四个选项分别定位。第二段中的“Educationknowsnolimits…Itincludes both the

　　formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal

　　learning”意为“教育没有限制……它既包括在学校里接受的正规学习，

　　也包括所有的非正规学习”，故A和D选项是错误的，C选项是正确的。

　　同时在第一段中提到“The distinction between schooling and education implied by this

　　remark is important”，即“上学和受教育之间的区别是非常重要的”。故B错误。

　　(32) Education is different from schooling in that__________.

　　A: the former is predictable while the latter is not

　　B: the former is specific while the latter is not

　　C: the former is a formalized process while the latter is not

　　D: the former is more open-ended and all-inclusive than the latter

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：在__________ ，上学和受教育是有区别的。

　　利用题干不能直接定位到相关信息，但在第二段提到“Education is much more

　　open.ended and all-inclusive than

　　schooling”，即“教育比上学更开放，更包容”。故答案为D。

　　(33) When does education begin?

　　A: Before one enters school.

　　B: After one enters school.

　　C: After one graduates from college.

　　D: After one retires from work.

　　答案:A

　　解析: 题干 ：教育是从何时开始的?利用题干关键词定位不到相关信息。但是第二段中的

　　“It is a lifelong(一生的)process，a process that starts long before the start of

　　school”，即“这是一个持续一生的过程，在上学之前早就开始了”。题干中的start

　　和原文中的begin是近义词，都是表示“开始”，A选项中的before one enters

　　school和原文中的before the start of school也是同义表达，故答案为A。

　　(34) The fact that children arrive at school at about the same time shows that__________.

　　A: schoolingimposes a lot of strain on the students

　　B: schooling has a clear boundary

　　C: schooling follows more or less the same pattern

　　D: schooling includes different aspects of learning

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　推理题。题干 ：孩子们大概在同一时间到达学校，表明了__________。利用题干关键词

　　children arrive at school定位到第三段“Schoolin9，on the other hand，is a

　　specific，formalized process，whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the

　　next .Throughout a country,children arrive at school at approximately the same time，take

　　assigned(指定的)seats，are taught by an adult，use similar textbooks，do homework，take

　　exams，and SO

　　on.”，即“另一方面，上学是一个特定而正式的学习过程。它的普遍模式相差不大。

　　纵观全国，孩子们在差不多同样的时间到学校，坐在指定的位置上，由大人教学，

　　使用相同的教科书，做作业，参加考试，等等”。由此可知，

　　同一时间上学是为了说明前面的论点而举的例子。即学校采取大体一致的模式，

　　故答案为C。

　　(35) What is the author's attitude toward schooling?

　　A: Positive.

　　B: Negative.

　　C: Neutral( 中立的).

　　D: Supportive.

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　态度题。题干 ：作者对学校教育的态度是什么?定位到文章最后一段，

　　作者客观介绍了学校教育的一些情况，比如大体相同的模式，学校课程设置的限制等，

　　因此作者的态度是neutral( 中立的)。故答案为C。

　　(36)根据下面材料，回答题。

　　Lead Pollution (铅污染)

　　Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960's and 70's, wereprimarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In thetwenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, thelead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.

　　A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissionsfrom the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in thesnow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. CharlesBoutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Centerfor Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed thatlead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining.

　　In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leadedgasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian andCanadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. Thedominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from theUnited States.

　　In a study published in the journal/Imbio (人类环境杂志), scientists found that lead levelsin soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction ofunleaded gasoline.

　　Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.

　　The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from thesame sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientistshad expected.

　　Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem(生态系统).respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findingsshould not be used as a license to pollute.

　　The study published in the journal Nature indicates that__________.

　　A: the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snowB: the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired resultsC: lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expectedD: lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase2016

　　答案:A

　　解析:细节题。题干 ：《自然》杂志上刊登的研究表明__________。第二段开头提到 《

　　自然》杂志上刊登的研究表明来自美国的通过空气传播的含铅气体是导致格陵兰雪地中

　　铅浓度高的主要原因。而格陵兰就是位于北极圈内。因此A正确，

　　美国是北极雪中铅污染的主要来源。

　　(37) Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in

　　the us__________.

　　A: was discouraged

　　B: was prohibited by law

　　C: was enforced by law

　　D: was introduced

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：美国法律强制使用无铅汽油后，世界范围的铅金属积累量明显

　　----------------------- Page 20-----------------------

　　__________。第一段最后一句话支持这一说法，文中的“mandated”与C选项中的

　　“enforced”意思相同，都是“强制” 的意思。

　　(38) How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?

　　A: By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.

　　B: By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.

　　C: By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.

　　D: By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：科学家是怎样发现格陵兰的铅污染来源的?

　　第三段提到科学家发现美国汽油中的各种铅金属比重不同于欧洲、亚洲和加拿大的。

　　通过比较这些铅比的不同可判断出格陵兰雪中的铅污染主要来自美国。因此B正确。

　　(39) The authors of the Ambio study have found that__________.

　　A: forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected

　　B: lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US

　　C: lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with

　　D: the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：《人类环境》杂志研究的作者发现了__________。

　　倒数第二段结尾提到森林环境处理铅的速度之快，超出了科学家们的预期。因此A正确

　　。

　　(40) It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists__________.

　　A: feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline

　　B: are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution

　　C: lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution

　　D: still consider lead pollution a problem

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　推理题。题干 ：通过最后一段能推测出什么?

　　最后一段提到了两项研究说明某些生态系统对大气污染的减少给出了快速的回应，

　　但是这并不能作为进一步污染行为的许可证。因此D正确，

　　科学家们仍然认为铅污染是个问题。

　　(41) 根据下面材料，回答题。

　　It is predicted that there will be 5 scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century. We'll knowwhere we came from. Why does the universe exist? To put it another way, why is theresomething instead of nothing? Since the 1920s, scientists have known the universe isexpanding, which means it must have started at a definite time in the past. They even havedeveloped theories that give a detailed picture of the evolution of the universe from the timeit was a fraction of a second old to the present. Over the next couple of decades, thesetheories will be refined by data from extraordinary powerful new telescope. We will have abetter understanding of how matter behaves at the unfathomably high temperatures andpressures of the early universe.

　　We'll crack the genetic code and conquer cancer. In 19th century operas, when the heroinecoughs in the first act, the audience knows she will die of tuberculosis in Act 3. But thanksto 20th century antibiotics, the once dreaded, once incurable disease now can mean nothingmore serious than taking some pills. As scientists learn more about the genetic code and theway cells work at the molecular level, many serious diseases--cancer, for one- will becomeless threatening. Using manufactured "therapeutic" viruses, doctors will be able to replacecancer causing damaged DNA

　　with healthy genes, probably administered by a pill or injection.

　　We'll live longer (120 years?) If the normal aging process is basically a furious, invisiblecontest in our cells- a contest between damage to our DNA and our cells ability to repair thatdamage- then 21st century strides in genetic medicine may let us control and even reversethe process. But before we push scientists to do more, consider: Do we really want to live ina world where no one grows old and few children are born because the planet can hold onlyso many people?

　　Where would new ideas come from? What would we do with all that extra time?(环球网校2016职称英语《卫生类B级》冲刺模拟试卷一)

　　We'll "manage" Earth. In the next millennium, well stop talking about the weather but willdo something about it. Well gradually learn how to predict the effects of human activity onthe Earth,its climate and its ecosystems. And with that knowledge will come an increasingwillingness to use it to manage the workings of our planet.

　　We'll have "a brain road map". This is the real "final frontier" of the 21st century: The brainis the most complex system we know. It contains about 100 billion neurons (roughly thenumber of stars in the Milky Way), each connected to as many as 1,000 others. Early in thenext century, we will use advanced forms of magnetic resonance imaging to producedetailed maps of the neurons in operation. We'll be able to say with certainty which ones areworking when you read a word, when you say a word, when you think about a word, and soon.

　　The sentence "In 19th century operas, when the heroine coughs in the first act, the audienceknows she will die of tuberculosis in Act 3" means__________.

　　A: there was not antibiotics at that timeB: tuberculosis was a terrible disease that couldn't be cured during 19th centuryC: the health of the heroine was very poorD: this was a common situation in the 19th century operas

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：句子“在19世纪的戏剧中，如果女主角在第一幕开始咳嗽，

　　观众们就会知道在第三幕时会因为肺结核而死去” 的意思是__________。

　　第二段说如果女主角在第一幕中咳嗽的话，观众便会知道她将在第三幕中因肺结核而死

　　。接着说这种病0nce dreaded和once incurable

　　disease，即“那样可怕的不治之症”。可知B正确。

　　(42) It will become easy to cure some serious diseases because__________.

　　A: scientists will crack the genetic code

　　B: "therapeutic" viruses will be used

　　C: healthy genes will be used to replace cancer causing damaged DNA

　　D: all of the above

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　推理题。题干 ：治疗一些严重的疾病会变得很容易，因为__________。A、B、C

　　在第三段都提到这一点，因此选D。

　　(43) According to the passage, the normal aging process is__________.

　　A: a process in which people become older and older

　　B: a contest that can be seen

　　C: a long process of struggling

　　D: a fight between damaging DNA and preparing the damage

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：根据本文提供的信息，正常的衰老过程__________。第三段提到“

　　如果说通常的衰老过程主要是我们细胞内的一场激烈而不可见的竞赛的话——

　　一场破坏我们体内脱氧核糖核酸同我们体内细胞修复被破坏组织的竞赛……”。

　　由此可知D正确。

　　(44) Which does not belong to the scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century?

　　A: We'll know whom we are.

　　B: We'll live longer.

　　C: We'll conquer cancer.

　　D: We'll manage Earth.

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　主旨题。题干 ：下列哪一个不属于21世纪的科技突破?本文介绍了据预测21

　　世纪科学将出现的五大突破 ：

　　详尽地描绘宇宙从它形成的最初一瞬间一直到现在的演变过程 ;

　　我们将破译遗传密码并征服癌症 ;我们将活得更久 ;我们将“管理”地球 ;

　　我们将拥有人脑的“路线图”。没有提到A，故选A。

　　(45) A brain road map will__________.

　　A: be the most complicated map we know

　　B: tell us which neuron is better

　　C: help us study well

　　D: be produced by the advanced forms of operation

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：一个大脑路线图是__________。第五段的中心意思是 ：

　　人脑是人类已知的最复杂的系统，这是21世纪的一个真正的“尖端领域”。因此A正确。

　　第五部分 ：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

　　阅读下面的短文，文章中有S处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5

　　组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

　　请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　(46)根据下面材料，回答题。

　　Mind Those Manners on the Subway

　　So, there you are, just sitting there in the subway car, enjoying that book you just bought.

　　____46____ Or, the person sitting next to you takes out a nail clipper (指甲刀) and beginscutting his or her nails.

　　Annoying? Many of us have to spend some time every day on publictransportation.____47____ So, to make the trip more pleasant, we suggest the following:

　　Let passengers get off the bus or subway car before you can get on.____48____Stand away from the doors when they are closing.

　　Don't talk loudly on a bus or subway. Chatting loudly with your friends can be annoying toothers.____49____

　　Don't think your bags and suitcases (手提箱) deserve a seat of their own.

　　Use a tissue whenever you cough or sneeze (打喷嚏). An uncovered sneeze can spreadgerms(细菌), especially in crowded places.

　　Don't cut your nails or pick your nose on public transportation.

　　Don't read over other people's shoulder.____50____ It can make people uncomfortable.

　　They might think you're too stingy (小气的) even to buy a newspaper. Or they might thinkyou're judging their behavior.

　　第46题__________

　　A: Don't eat food in your car.

　　B: Don't shout into your mobile phone on a bus or subway.

　　C: We all know that some behaviors are simply unacceptable.

　　D: Many people do this on subways, but it's really annoying.

　　E: Getting off and on in an orderly manner can save time for all.

　　F: Suddenly, you feel someone leaning over your shoulder reading along with you.

　　答案:F

　　解析:空白前讲 ：你正坐在地铁车厢里阅读新书 ;空白后讲 ：

　　或者坐在你旁边的人拿出指甲刀，开始修剪指甲。所以空白处应该也是一种不好的行为

　　，而且是与你读书有关的内容。故F(突然，你感觉有人靠在你的肩膀上跟你一起读)

　　比较合适，在语义上承接了上文。

　　(47) 第47题__________

　　A: Don't eat food in your car.

　　B: Don't shout into your mobile phone on a bus or subway.

　　C: We all know that some behaviors are simply unacceptable.

　　D: Many people do this on subways, but it's really annoying.

　　E: Getting off and on in an orderly manner can save time for all.

　　F: Suddenly, you feel someone leaning over your shoulder reading along with you.

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　空白前讲 ：我们中很多人每天都会在公共交通工具上花一些时间，空白后讲 ：所以，

　　为了让旅途更舒服，我们给出以下建议。故C(我们知道，有些行为实在让人无法接受)

　　符合上下文语义，既呼应了上面的交通工具，也引出了下面的建议。

　　(48) 第48题__________

　　A: Don't eat food in your car.

　　B: Don't shout into your mobile phone on a bus or subway.

　　C: We all know that some behaviors are simply unacceptable.

　　D: Many people do this on subways, but it's really annoying.

　　E: Getting off and on in an orderly manner can save time for all.

　　F: Suddenly, you feel someone leaning over your shoulder reading along with you.

　　答案:E

　　解析:

　　空白前讲 ：在你上车之前，让其他乘客先下车。空白处应该也是有关乘车秩序的内容。

　　故E(有序上下车能节省所有人的时间)是正确答案。

　　(49) 第49题__________

　　A: Don't eat food in your car.

　　B: Don't shout into your mobile phone on a bus or subway.

　　C: We all know that some behaviors are simply unacceptable.

　　D: Many people do this on subways, but it's really annoying.

　　E: Getting off and on in an orderly manner can save time for all.

　　F: Suddenly, you feel someone leaning over your shoulder reading along with you.

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　空白前讲 ：不要在地铁或公交车上大声谈话，和朋友大声交谈同样会让别人厌烦。

　　(50) 第50题__________

　　A: Don't eat food in your car.

　　B: Don't shout into your mobile phone on a bus or subway.

　　C: We all know that some behaviors are simply unacceptable.

　　D: Many people do this on subways, but it's really annoying.

　　E: Getting off and on in an orderly manner can save time for all.

　　F: Suddenly, you feel someone leaning over your shoulder reading along with you.

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　空白处前面一句讲 ：不要越过别人的肩膀看报纸，空白后讲到了这样做的后果，包括 ：

　　让别人感到不舒服，他们会认为你太小气连张报纸都不买，

　　或者他们会认为你在评价他的行为。空白处应该是一个总论，故D选项(很多人都这样

　　做，但是这样做实在很讨厌)是正确答案，符合语义走向。(环球网校2016职称英语《卫生类B级》冲刺模拟试卷一)

　　第六部分 ：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

　　阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从

　　4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

　　(51)根据下面材料，回答题。

　　Passive Smoking Is Workplace Killer

　　Pressure mounted on Britain on Monday to take action on ____51 ____smoking with newresearch showing second-hand smoke ____52____ about one worker each week in thehospitality industry (服务Professor Knorad Jamrozik, of Imperial (帝国的) College inLondon, told a conference on environmental tobacco that second-hand ____53____ kills 49employees in pubs, bars, restaurants and hotels each year and contributes to 700 deathsfrom lung cancer, heart____ 54____ and stroke across the total national work force.

　　"Exposure in the hospitality ____55____ at work outweighs (超过) the consequences ofexposure of living ____56____ a smoker for those staff," Jamrozik said in an interview.

　　Other____ 57____ have measured the levels of exposure to passive smoking but Jamrozikcalculated how it would translate into avoidable deaths.

　　His findings are ____58____ on the number of people working in the hospitality industry in----------------------- Page 28-----------------------Britain, their exposure to second-hand smoke and their ____59 ____of dying from it.

　　Jamrozik said the findings would apply to ____60____ countries in Europe because, to agreater or ____61____ extent, levels of smoking in the community are similar.

　　Professor Carol Black, president of the Royal College of Physicians, which sponsored themeeting, said the research is proof of the need for a ban on smoking in ____62____ places.

　　"Environmental tobacco smoke in pubs, bars, restaurants and other public places is____63____ damaging to the health of employees as well as the general public." she said ina statement.

　　"Making these places smoke-free not only protects vulnerable (易受伤害的) staff and thepublic, it will ____64____ help over 300,000 people in Britain to stop smokingcompletely," she added.

　　Ireland recently became the first country to introduce a national ban on smoking in public____65____. New York and pads of Australia have taken similar measures.

　　____________

　　A: passive

　　B: natural

　　C: positive

　　D: whole

　　答案:A

　　解析:从短文题目中的passive smoking和接下来的second.hand smoking

　　等词语中不难看出，此处应选passive一词。

　　(52) ____________

　　A: kills

　　B: hurts

　　C: wounds

　　D: injures

　　答案:A

　　解析: 从短文题目中的workplace killer可以断定，此处应选kills一词。

　　(53) ____________

　　A: dealing

　　B: working

　　C: smoking

　　D: shopping

　　答案:C

　　解析: 前面已经提到过“二手烟”。因此，此处选“吸烟”。

　　(54) ____________

　　A: rate

　　B: motion

　　C: system

　　D: disease

　　答案:D

　　解析: 从之前的“700人死于癌症”和之后的“ 中风”可以看出，此处要表达的是心脏病。

　　(55) ____________

　　A: level

　　B: industry

　　C: location

　　D: nature

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　短文的第一段中已经出现过“服务行业”这一词语，因此，此处也就不难做出选择。

　　(56) ____________

　　A: close

　　B: with

　　C: for

　　D: next

　　答案:B

　　解析: 从上下文语境来看，此处要表达的意思是与吸烟者生活在一起，因此选with。

　　(57) ____________

　　A: researchers

　　B: patients

　　C: members

　　D: smokers

　　答案:A

　　解析: 从上下文语境来看，Jamrozik是一名研究员，因此这里要说的是其他研究人员。

　　(58) ____________

　　A: applied

　　B: based

　　C: called

　　D: hoped

　　答案:B

　　解析: 这里考查的是固定短语be based

　　Oil(基于……，以……为基础)。从上下文语境来看，他的研究结果是基于……得出的。

　　(59) ____________

　　A: habits

　　B: places

　　C: ideas

　　D: chances

　　答案:D

　　解析: 从上下文语境来看，显然此处要表示的是死于二手烟的危险。

　　(60) ____________

　　A: no

　　B: most

　　C: few

　　D: much

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　从上下文语境来看，句子接下来提到，欧洲的吸烟状况与美国的吸烟状况基本上差不多

　　，因此，此处应选“绝大多数”一词。

　　(61) ____________

　　A: small

　　B: larger

　　C: lesser

　　D: more

　　答案:C

　　解析: 这里考查的是固定短语 ：to a greater or lesser extent(在较大或较小的程度上)。

　　(62) ____________

　　A: private

　　B: secret

　　C: open

　　D: public

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　从上下文语境来看，前面一直在谈服务行业雇员遭受吸烟危害的情况，因此，

　　此处要表达的意思是公共场所。

　　(63) ____________

　　A: seriously

　　B: strangely

　　C: nervously

　　D: personally

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　从上下文语境来看，从短文前面的内容可以得知 ：

　　在公共场所吸烟对服务行业雇员的身体健康造成很大危害。因此，此处应选一个表示“

　　危害”程度的副词。

　　(64) ____________

　　A: yet

　　B: still

　　C: also

　　D: just

　　答案:C

　　解析: 从句子前面的not only便可以推断，此处应选also。

　　(65) ____________

　　A: spots

　　B: places

　　C: moves

　　D: actions

　　答案:B

　　解析: 短文前面已经多次提到“公共场所”一词，因此，此处的选择也就不难了。