2020年军队职称英语《卫生类B级》冲刺模拟试卷二

　　第一部分 ：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

　　下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

　　(1) Theconclusioncan be deduced from these data.

　　A: research

　　B: result

　　C: cause

　　D: process

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　本题考查名词。题干 ：该结论可以从这些数据中推断而得出。画线词conclusion意为“

　　结论”。四个选项：research意为“研究”，result意为“结果”，cause意为“原因，理由”，

　　process意为“过程，步骤”，故正确答案为B。

　　(2) It islikelyfor them to find the rules by themselves.

　　A: hardly

　　B: rare

　　C: friendly

　　D: possible

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　本题是对形容词的考查。题干 ：对他们来说，自己找到规则是可能的。题干画线词

　　likely意为“可能的”。四个选项：hardly意为“几乎不”，rare意为“稀有的，稀少的”，

　　friendly意为“友好的”，possible意为“可能的”，所以正确答案为D。

　　(3) Many economists pointed out thefatalerror for this crisis.

　　A: crucial

　　B: puzzling

　　C: attractive

　　D: exciting

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　本题考查形容词。题干 ：许多经济学家指出了此次危机的致命性的错误。画线词fatal

　　意为“致命性的，重大的”。四个选项：crucial意为“关键的，决定性的”，puzzling意为“

　　令人困惑的”，attractive意为“吸引人的”，exciting意为“令人兴奋的”，crucial

　　在语义上与原句接近，故正确答案为A。

　　(4) You can try this pressurereliefplan by changes in diet and habits.

　　A: removal

　　B: cure

　　C: treatment

　　D: reduction

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　本题考查名词。题干 ：你可以尝试这项压力缓解计划，通过改变你的饮食和习惯。

　　画线词relief意为“缓解，减轻”。四个选项：removal意为“移走，消除”，cure意为“治疗

　　，治愈”，treatment意为“治疗”，reduction意为“减少”, reduction

　　与原句的语义最贴近，故正确答案为D。

　　(5) When the millionaire died, his son was left a lot ofwealth.

　　A: luck

　　B: resource

　　C: property

　　D: formation

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　本题是对名词的考查。题干 ：百万富翁去世了，留给他儿子很多财产。题干画线词

　　wealth意为“财富”, luck意为“运气”, resource意为“资源”, property

　　意为“财产”，formation意为“形成”，所以正确答案为C。

　　(6) We were all there when the accidentoccurred.

　　A: happened

　　B: broke

　　C: spread

　　D: appeared

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　本题是对动词的考查。题干 ：当事故发生的时候，我们都在那儿。题干画线词occur

　　意为“发生”。四个选项：happen意为“发生”，break意为“碎，断”，break out

　　意为“突然发生”, spread意为“传播，散布”，appear意为“ 出现”。故选A。

　　(7)He said this result was thebestthat he had expected.

　　A: meaningful

　　B: interesting

　　C: meaningless

　　D: perfect

　　答案:D

　　解析:本题是对形容词的考查。题干 ：他说这个结果是他期望的最好的结果。

　　题干画线词best意为“最好的”。四个选项：meaningful意为“有意义的”，interesting意为“

　　有趣的”，meaningless意为“无意义的”，perfect意为“完美的，最好的”，所以正确答案为

　　D。

　　(8) John iscooperatingwith Mary in writing an article.

　　A: working for

　　B: working out

　　C: working in

　　D: working with

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　本题考查动词。题干 ：John正在与Mary合作来撰写文章。画线词cooperate意为“合作”。

　　四个选项：work for意为“为……工作”，work out意为“想出，解决”，work for

　　意为“插入，引进”，work with意为“与……一起工作”，所以正确答案为D。

　　(9) I want to provide my children with adecenteducation.

　　A: special

　　B: private

　　C: good

　　D: general

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　本题考查形容词。题干 ：我想给孩子们提供良好的教育。画线单词decent 的意思是“

　　良好的，体面的”。四个选项：special意为“特殊的”，private意为“私人的”，good意为“

　　良好的”，general意为“普遍的”。根据题干，正确答案为C。

　　(10) The managerdemandedthat this job should be finished before next Monday.

　　A: required

　　B: cried

　　C: ordered

　　D: suggested

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　本题是对动词的考查。题干 ：这个经理要求工作在下周一前完成。题干画线词demand

　　意为“要求”。四个选项：require意为“要求”，cried 的原形cry意为“大哭，大喊”，order

　　意为“命令”，suggest为“建议”，故而正确答案为A。

　　(11)The student is afraid toanswerthe teacher's question.

　　A: hope

　　B: use

　　C: help

　　D: reply

　　答案:D

　　解析:本题是对动词的考查。学生害怕回答老师的问题。题干画线词answer意为“ 回答”，

　　选项hope意为“希望”，use意为“使用”，help意为“帮助”，reply意为“ 回答，答复”，

　　所以正确答案为D。

　　(12) The price of this machine is notreasonable.

　　A: helpful

　　B: kind

　　C: fair

　　D: effective

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　本题是对形容词的考查。题干 ：这部机器的价格并非不合理。题干画线词reasonable

　　意为“合理的，公道的”。helpful意为“有帮助的”，kind意为“好心的，善良的”, fair

　　意为“公平的，公道的”, effective意为“有效的”，所以正确答案为C。

　　(13) Fewdisputesbetween neighbors cannot be settled outside the courtroom.

　　A: conversations

　　B: exchanges

　　C: meetings

　　D: arguments

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　本题是对名词的考查。邻里之间的纠纷没有什么不能在法庭外解决的。题干画线词

　　disputes意为“争执 ;争端 ;争论”，选项conversations意为“会话 ;谈话 ;社交” ;

　　exchanges意为“交换 ;互换 ;交流 ;交易” ;meetings意为“会议 ;集合 ;聚合” ;

　　arguments意为“争论 ;辩论”，所以答案为D。

　　(14) They went out for a walk after dinner as theynormallydid.

　　A: partly

　　B: usually

　　C: highly

　　D: fully

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　本题考查副词。题干 ：他们像平常一样，晚餐后外出散步。画线单词normally 的意思是

　　通常，经常”。四个选项：partly意为“部分地”，usually意为“经常”，highly意为“十分”，

　　fully意为“完全地”。根据题干，正确答案为B。

　　(15) The great change of the cityastonishedall the visitors.

　　A: scared

　　B: surprised

　　C: excited

　　D: moved

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　本题是对动词的考查。题干 ：城市的巨变震惊了所有的参观者。题干画线词astonish

　　意为“使震惊”。四个选项：scare意为“使害怕”，surprise意为“使惊讶”，excite意为“

　　使兴奋”，move意为“推动 ;使感动”，所以正确答案为B。

　　第二部分 ：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A ;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B ;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

　　(16)根据下面材料，回答题。

　　The Need to Remember

　　Some people say they have no memory at all: "I just can't remember a thing!" But of course,we all have a memory. Our memory tells us who we are. Our memory helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past. In fact, we have different types of memory. For example, our visual memory helps us recall facts and places. Some people have such a strong visual memory, they can remember exactly what they have seen, for example, pages of a book, as a complete picture.Our verbal (言语的) memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heardbutnot seen or written: items of a shopping list, a chemical formula, dates, or a recipe.

　　With our emotional memory, we recall situations or places where we had strongfeelings,perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell, taste, touch and sound, and for performing physical movements.We have two ways of storing any of these memories: Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds- enough to remember a telephone number while we dial. Our long-term memory, on the other hand, may store items for a lifetime. Older people in fact have a much better long-term memory than short-term. They may forget what they have done onlya few hours ago, but have the clearest remembrance (记忆) of when they were very young.

　　Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past, and that we invent the rest. It is as though we remember only the outline of a story. We then make up the details. We often do this in the way we want to remember them, usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past-- or maybe victims needing sympathy ( 同情).Visual memory helps us recall a place we have been to.

　　A: Right

　　B: Wrong

　　C: Not mentioned

　　答案:A

　　解析:题干 ：视觉记忆能帮助我们回忆起我们曾经去过的地方。通过题干中的关键词

　　visual memory可以定位在第二段中的“our visual memory helps US recall facts and

　　places” ，意为“我们的视觉记忆有助于我们回忆一些事件和地方”。因此，

　　题干与文章信息符合，故选择A。

　　(17) Visual memory may be used when we read a story.

　　A: Right

　　B: Wrong

　　C: Not mentioned

　　答案:A

　　解析: 题干 ：当我们阅读故事的时候，我们使用了视觉记忆。通过题干中的visual

　　memory和read可以定位在第二段中的“Some people have such a strong visual memory,they

　　can remember exactly what they have seen，for example，pages of a book，as a complete

　　picture” ，意为“有些人有很强的视觉记忆，他们可以准确地记住他们看过的东西，

　　如书和图画等”。

　　因此，题干与文章信息符合，故选择A。

　　(18) Verbal memory helps us read words we have never heard.

　　A: Right

　　B: Wrong

　　C: Not mentioned

　　答案:B

　　解析: 题干 ：语言记忆有助于我们去阅读从未听过的文字。通过题干中的名词“verbal

　　memory可以定位第三段的相关信息“Our verbal(言语的)memory helps US remember words

　　and figures we may have

　　heard”，意为“我们的语言记忆有助于我们记住我们听到的文字和数字”。

　　但该句核心词是remember，而不是read，因此题干与文章信息不符合，故选择B选项。

　　(19) Emotional memory is used when we perform physical movements.

　　A: Right

　　B: Wrong

　　C: Not mentioned

　　答案:B

　　解析: 题干 ：做身体活动的时候我们使用的是情感记忆。通过题干中的“emotional

　　memory”可以定位到第四段的相关信息“With our emotional memory,we recall situations or

　　places where we had strong feelings，perhaps of happiness or unhappiness .We also have

　　special memories for smell，taste，touch and sound，and for performing physical

　　movements”，意为“使用我们的情感记忆，

　　我们可以回忆起我们有过强烈感情的情景和地方。我们也有嗅觉、味觉、触觉、

　　听觉以及身体运动的特殊记忆”。由此可知，身体运动有其特殊的记忆，

　　而不是使用到情绪记忆，题干与文章信息不符合，故选择B。

　　(20) Animals do not have a long-term memory.

　　A: Right

　　B: Wrong

　　C: Not mentioned

　　答案:C

　　解析: 题干 ：动物没有长时记忆。用animals和long.term memory

　　回到原文定位，文中并未提到与动物相关的事情，因此选择C。

　　(21) Long-term memory is more important than short-term memory.

　　A: Right

　　B: Wrong

　　C: Not mentioned

　　答案:C

　　解析: 题干 ：长时记忆比短时记忆更重要。由long-term memory和short-term memory

　　定位到原文第五段，但是本段没有比较长时记忆与短时记忆的重要性。因此选择C选项。

　　(22) Generally we remember only a few facts about the past.

　　A: Right

　　B: Wrong

　　C: Not mentioned

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　题干 ：总的来说，我们只能记住有关过去的一些事实。利用aboutthepast

　　回到原文定位到最后一段中的“Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts

　　about our

　　past” ，意为“心理学家告诉我们，我们只能记住有关我们过去的一些事实”，

　　由此得知本题应选择A。

　　第三部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务 ：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的4

　　个选项中为每段选择1个正确的小标题 ;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的5个选项中选择4

　　个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

　　(23)根据下面材料，回答题。

　　Ford

　　1 Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process -- not invention. Long before he

　　started a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and

　　turning men into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891. Although it was by no

　　means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford

　　was at combining technology and market.

　　The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive

　　(高速运转). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford's friends, who were

　　great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it

　　moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming (嗡嗡作响)

　　along in 1914,the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93

　　minutes.

　　The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $5 a day minimum wage scheme, the

　　greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in the auto industry then was

　　$2.34 for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that, he also took an hour off the workday.

　　In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something

　　that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the

　　plan "an economic crime", and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.

　　4 But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a Critical component of Ford's

　　dream to make the automobile accessible (可及的) to all. The critics were too stupid to

　　understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didn't

　　matter—— except for making it possible for more people to buy cars.

　　Paragraph 1__________

　　A: Ford's followers

　　B: The assembly line

　　C: Ford's great dream

　　D: The establishment of the company

　　E: Ford's biggest contribution

　　F: Ford's great talent

　　答案:F

　　解析:文章第一段主题句为首句，主要讲的是Ford 的优势所在。

　　(24) Paragraph 2 __________

　　A: Ford's followers

　　B: The assembly line

　　C: Ford's great dream

　　D: The establishment of the company

　　E: Ford's biggest contribution

　　F: Ford's great talent

　　答案:B

　　解析: 文章第二段主题句为首句，主要介绍公司的流水线。

　　(25) Paragraph 3 __________

　　A: Ford's followers

　　B: The assembly line

　　C: Ford's great dream

　　D: The establishment of the company

　　E: Ford's biggest contribution

　　F: Ford's great talent

　　答案:E

　　解析:

　　文章第三段主题句为首句，主要讲的是Ford 的最大贡献，即采用每天5美元最低工资制

　　。

　　(26) Paragraph 4__________

　　A: Ford's followers

　　B: The assembly line

　　C: Ford's great dream

　　D: The establishment of the company

　　E: Ford's biggest contribution

　　F: Ford's great talent

　　答案:C

　　解析: 文章第四段主题句为首句，主要讲的是Ford 的梦想，即使汽车普及干家万户。

　　(27) The assembly line made it possible to __________

　　A: criticized by the media

　　B: the low wage in the auto industry

　　C: own a car

　　D: produce cars in large numbers

　　E: the-8-hour-shift practice

　　F: combined technology and market

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　题干 ：流水线使__________成为可能。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章的第二段，

　　可知流水线的采用使得每辆汽车的生产速度大大提高，从而导致汽车的大批量生产。

　　(28) Ford was the first to adopt __________

　　A: criticized by the media

　　B: the low wage in the auto industry

　　C: own a car

　　D: produce cars in large numbers

　　E: the-8-hour-shift practice

　　F: combined technology and market

　　答案:E

　　解析:

　　题干 ：Ford首先采用__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章的第三段，

　　可知当时汽车业采用的是每天9小时工作制，而Ford将其缩减成8小时。

　　(29) Higher wages enabled many people to __________

　　A: criticized by the media

　　B: the low wage in the auto industry

　　C: own a car

　　D: produce cars in large numbers

　　E: the-8-hour-shift practice

　　F: combined technology and market

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　题干 ：高工资使许多人能__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章的第四段，

　　可知高工资使更多的人有能力购买汽车。

　　(30) Ford's higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly __________

　　A: criticized by the media

　　B: the low wage in the auto industry

　　C: own a car

　　D: produce cars in large numbers

　　E: the-8-hour-shift practice

　　F: combined technology and market

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　题干 ：Ford高工资和低成本的策略__________。

　　利用题干关键词可以定位到文章的第三段，可知Ford采用的高工资、低成本策略在当时受到了媒体的批评。

　　第四部分 ：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

　　短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

　　(31)根据下面材料，回答题。

　　Human Heart Can Make New Cells

　　Solving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to

　　generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production

　　slows with age.

　　The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the

　　treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say.

　　"We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed," said lead

　　researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in

　　Stockholm, Sweden.

　　"It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are

　　born with or if they could be renewed," he said.

　　The process of renewing these ceils changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old,

　　about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases

　　with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75.

　　"If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be

　　potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate

　　regeneration after, for example, a heart attack," Frisen said.

　　That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts. "A lot of people suffer from

　　chronic heart failure," noted co-author Dr.Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska

　　Institute.

　　"Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.

　　With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves

　　heal ourselves," Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that

　　would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."

　　But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase

　　heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off,

　　especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart

　　produces was estimated using healthy hearts--whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased

　　hearts is the same remains unknown.

　　The human heart stops producing cardiac cells____________.

　　A: when a person is born

　　B: when a person becomes old

　　C: when a person gets sick

　　D: when a person dies

　　答案:D

　　解析:细节题。题干 ：__________ ，人类的心脏停止产生心脏细胞。

　　利用题干关键词可以定位到短文的第一段，即科学家们发现，在人的整个生命过程中，

　　其心脏不断产生新的心肌细胞。言外之意，这个过程直到人死了才会停止。

　　(32) The finding could prove to be helpful to____________.

　　A: the study of longstanding mysteries

　　B: the analysis of cardiac cells

　　C: the prevention of chronic diseases

　　D: the treatment of heart disease

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：这一发现被证明对__________有益。

　　利用题干关键词可以定位到短文的第二段，即这一发现将为心脏病的治疗开辟新的途径

　　。

　　(33) The people who're in their mid-70s, only 0.45 percent

　　ofcardiomyocytes____________.

　　A: are still functional

　　B: are replaced each year

　　C: are lost each year

　　D: are damaged each year

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：70多岁的人群中，只有0.45%的心脏细胞__________。

　　利用题干关键词可以定位到短文的第四段，即一个人20岁时，

　　其每年被更替的心肌细胞为1%。随着年龄的增长，该更替率不断下降，等到75岁时，

　　只有0.45%。

　　(34) Chronic heart failure is associated with____________.

　　A: the death of heart cells

　　B: the life span of a person

　　C: the effects of pharmaceuticals

　　D: the weight of the patient

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：慢性心衰与__________有关。

　　利用题干关键词可以定位到短文的倒数第三段，即慢性心衰是由心肌细胞死亡导致的。

　　(35) It remains unknown whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts____________.

　　A: changes over time

　　B: can be monitored

　　C: is the same as that in healthy hearts

　　D: is high enough to replace cells faster than they're dying off

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：有病心脏的细胞更替率是否__________还未知。

　　利用题干关键词可以定位到短文的最后一段，

　　即心脏产生的新细胞的数量是按照健康心脏计算的，

　　而有病心脏的细胞更替率是否与健康心脏相同还不得而知。

　　(36) 根据下面材料，回答题。

　　Storms Sink Ships

　　Rescuers have found the bodies of over 130 people killed in two ferry disasters in

　　Bangladesh.

　　The accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on April 21. Hundreds more are

　　missing or feared dead.

　　The two ferries sank in different rivers near the capital city of Dhakfi as strong winds and

　　rain hit the South Asian country.

　　The government has since banned all ferries and other boats from traveling at night during

　　the April-May stormy season.

　　One of the ferries, MV Mitali, was carrying far more people than it was supposed to. About

　　400 passengers fitted into a space made for just 300, police said. The second ferry carried

　　about 100 passengers.

　　"The number of deaths is certain to rise," said an official in charge of the rescue work. "No

　　one really knows how many people were on board the ferry or how many of them

　　survived."

　　Ferries in Bangladesh don't always keep passenger lists, making it difficult to determine the

　　exact number of people on board.

　　Besides the ferry accidents, at least 40 people were killed and 400 injured by lightning

　　strikes,falling houses and trees and the sinking of small boats. Storms are common this time

　　of year in Bangladesh, as are boating accidents. Ferry disasters take away hundreds of lives

　　every year in a nation of 130 million people. Officials blame these river accidents on a lack

　　of safety measures: too many passengers in boats and not enough checks on weather

　　conditions.

　　Ferries are a common means of transport in Bangladesh. It is a country covered by about

　　230 rivers. Some 20,000 ferries use the nation's Waterways every year. And many of them

　　are dangerously overcrowded.

　　Since 1977, more than 3,000 people have died in some 260 boating accidents.

　　How many people have been found dead in the two ferry disasters?

　　A: Over 130.

　　B: At least 40.

　　C: About 400.

　　D: Over 3,000.

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：在两次渡船失事中已发现多少人死亡?

　　利用题干关键词可以定位到第一段第一个句子“

　　救援人员已经找到了在孟加拉国的两次渡船失事中的130多人的尸体”。当然，

　　实际的死亡人数还要高。

　　(37) The two ferry disasters occurred____________.

　　A: at noon

　　B: in the morning

　　C: at night

　　D: in the afternoon

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　推理题。题干 ：这两次渡船失事发生在__________。

　　文章中没有一个句子直接提供这方面的信息。但是第三段间接地传递了这方面的信息 ：

　　政府此后禁止所有的渡船和其他船只在4月或5月的暴风季节夜航。

　　(38) How many passengers was MV Mitali designed to carry?

　　A: 500.

　　B: 100.

　　C: 400.

　　D: 300.

　　答案:D

　　解析: 细节题。题干 ：渡船MV Mitali

　　的设计载客量是多少?利用题干关键词可以定位到第四段的第二句 ：把大约400

　　个旅客装进了只能容纳300个旅客的空间。

　　(39) Officials attribute boating accident to____________.

　　A: strong winds

　　B: bad weather conditions

　　C: the blockages of waterways

　　D: the lack of safety measures

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：官员们说船只失事的原因是__________。

　　利用题干关键词可以定位到第三段，即缺乏安全措施。

　　(40) Which of the following statements is NOT true of the two ferry disasters?

　　A: They were overcrowded.

　　B: They sank on April 21.

　　C: The exact number of deaths could be easily determined.

　　D: They sank somewhere near Dhaka.

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：下面有关这两次渡船失事的说法哪种是错的?利用选项关键词进行定位，第五段有这样一句话 ：没有人真正知道当时有多少人在船上，也不知道有多少人还活着。第六段是这么说的 ：孟加拉国的渡船不是总能留下乘客的名单的，这使得确认船上确切的人数很困难。

　　(41) 根据下面材料，回答题。

　　Eat More, Weigh Less, Live Longer

　　Clever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet

　　prolongs the life of many animals.

　　Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, U.S., and his colleagues have been able

　　to extend the lifespan (寿命) of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent's (啮齿动物)

　　increase of fat in specific cells. This suggests that thinness--and not necessarily

　　diet--promotes long life in"calorie (热量卡) restricted" animals.

　　"It's very cool work," says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of

　　California,San Francisco. "These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer. It's

　　like heaven."

　　Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and

　　rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown partly because few people are

　　willing to submit to such a strict diet.

　　But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they

　　understand how less food leads to a longer life. One theory is that eating less reduces the

　　increase of harmful things that can damage cells. But Kahn's team wondered whether the

　　animals simply benefit by becoming thin.

　　To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin (胰岛素) receptor (受体) gene in

　　lab mice, but only in their fat cells. "Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat, these

　　animals were protected against becoming fat," explains Kahn.

　　This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects. By three months of

　　age,Kahn's modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice,

　　despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.

　　In addition, their lifespan increased. The average control mouse lived 753 days, while the

　　thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days. After three years, all the control mice had

　　died, but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive.

　　"That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial," says Leonard

　　Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who studies calorie restriction and

　　aging.

　　But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased

　　lifespan in calorie-restricted animals. "It might be the same effect or there might be two

　　routes to long life," he points out,."and that would be very interesting."

　　Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live longer by__________.

　　A: offering them less food

　　B: giving them a balanced diet

　　C: disrupting the specific genes in their fat cells

　　D: preventing them growing larger

　　答案:C

　　解析: 细节题。题干 ：Ronald Kahn

　　和其同事通过__________ 能使老鼠活得更长。

　　利用题于关键词可以定位到第二段的第一句话以及第六段的第一句话，可知答案为C。

　　(42) According to the passage, we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in

　　fewer calories partly because__________.

　　A: humans, worms and rodents are different

　　B: most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet

　　C: the effect is not known

　　D: genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：根据短文，我们不知道人类是否能受益于摄取较少的热量，因为

　　__________。

　　利用题干关键词可以定位到第四段的最后一句话，可知答案为B。

　　(43) What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?

　　A: People like to lose weight, but they do not like to eat less.

　　B: People want to go to heaven, but they do not want to die.

　　C: Mice will go to heaven if they lose weight.

　　D: Mice enjoy losing weight.

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　推理题。题干 ：第三段的最后一句话的含义为__________。根据第三段最后一句话可知

　　，这些老鼠随便想吃什么就吃什么，还能减肥，活得更长，就像在天堂一样。

　　这是带着幽默意味的一句话，暗含的意思是，人们对这样的老鼠有点“嫉妒”。

　　人们也想减肥，又不想节食，但是却不能像这些老鼠一样。

　　(44) The average modified mouse lived__________.

　　A: 3 years

　　B: 753 days

　　C: more than 3 years

　　D: 887 days

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　细节题。题干 ：被改良过的老鼠平均能活__________。

　　利用题干关键词可以定位到倒数第三段第二句话，可知答案为D。

　　(45) What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life?

　　A: It remains to be studied.

　　B: It has already been discovered.

　　C: Eating more leads to long life.

　　D: Eating less leads to long life.

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　推理题。题干 ：关于长寿的路线我们可以得出什么?利用题干关键词可以定位到最后一段Guarente说的话，其中用了两个might，说明还只是一种不确定的猜测，需进一步研究。

　　第五部分 ：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

　　阅读下面的短文，文章中有S处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　(46)根据下面材料，回答题。

　　A Thirsty World

　　The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you,

　　since nearly 75% of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge

　　amount is sea-water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3%--the fresh

　　water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources.____46____, because

　　some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.

　　At the moment, his small amount of fresh water is still enough for us. However, our need

　　for water is increasing rapidly. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now, can we

　　avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on. One of the useful steps we can take is to

　　stop unlimited use of water.____47____, however, would have a bad effect on agriculture

　　and industry.

　　In addition to stopping wasting our precious water, one more useful step we should take is

　　to develop ways of reusing it.____48____, but only on a small scale.

　　Today, in most large cities, water is used only once and it eventually returns to the sea or

　　runs into underground storage tanks. But it is possible to pipe water that has been used to a

　　purifying plant. There it can be filtered and treated with chemicals ____49____ .

　　____50____, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans!

　　All we'd have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is--remove the salt. This

　　salt-removing process is already in use in many parts of the world. So if we take all these

　　steps, we'll be in no danger of drying up !

　　第46题__________

　　A: A limited water supply

　　B: so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring

　　C: It is possible to purify large amounts of sea water

　　D: But even if every large city purified and reused its water

　　E: And we cannot even use all of that

　　F: Experiments have already been done in this field

　　答案:E

　　解析:从原文来看，空白处的前面一句说的是“人们只能用占水资源3%的来自于河流、

　　湖泊、地下以及其他来源的淡水”，空白处后面说的是“

　　因为它有一些是冰川和冰河的形式。更糟糕的是，还有一些被污染了”。这里的“it”

　　显然指的是“fresh water(

　　淡水)”，所以这个空格内应该填入的是和淡水有关的内容，所有选项E“

　　我们不能使用它们的全部”，因为有些淡水以冰川和冰河的形式存在。更糟糕的是，

　　还有一些淡水资源被污染了，在语义上与原文一致，所以正确答案为E。

　　(47) 第47题__________

　　A: A limited water supply

　　B: so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring

　　C: It is possible to purify large amounts of sea water

　　D: But even if every large city purified and reused its water

　　E: And we cannot even use all of that

　　F: Experiments have already been done in this field

　　答案:A

　　解析:

　　从原文来看，空白处的前面一句说的是“有用的一步就是停止无限量地使用水”，

　　空白处后面的句子说的是“但是，将会对农业和工业造成不利影响”，

　　由此可知空白处填入的应该是与水的供给相关的内容。所以选项A“有限的水供给”

　　为正确答案。

　　(48) 第48题__________

　　A: A limited water supply

　　B: so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring

　　C: It is possible to purify large amounts of sea water

　　D: But even if every large city purified and reused its water

　　E: And we cannot even use all of that

　　F: Experiments have already been done in this field

　　答案:F

　　解析:

　　从原文来看，空白处的前面一句说的是“除了停止浪费我们珍贵的水资源，

　　我们要采取的重要一步就是发明重复利用水的方法”，空白处后面的句子说的是“

　　但是只是小规模的”，

　　所以这个空格内填入的内容还应该与发明重复利用水源的方法有关，所以选项F“

　　在这个领域内开展了很多实验”为正确答案。

　　(49) 第49题__________

　　A: A limited water supply

　　B: so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring

　　C: It is possible to purify large amounts of sea water

　　D: But even if every large city purified and reused its water

　　E: And we cannot even use all of that

　　F: Experiments have already been done in this field

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　从原文来看，空白处的前面一句说的是“在那里，它被过滤并用化学成分处理”，

　　所以空格内填入的内容还应该与水的处理有关，所以选项B“ 以便它可以被再次使用，

　　好像它是来自于井底的新水”为正确答案。

　　(50) 第50题__________

　　A: A limited water supply

　　B: so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring

　　C: It is possible to purify large amounts of sea water

　　D: But even if every large city purified and reused its water

　　E: And we cannot even use all of that

　　F: Experiments have already been done in this field

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　从原文来看，空白处的后面一句说的是“我们的水资源仍旧不够。我们接下来去哪里求助呢?那就是大海”，说明水资源不够用，所以空白处填入的内容应该与水资源不够用相关，因此选项D“但是即便是每个大城市都净化和重复利用水资源”为正确答案。

　　第六部分 ：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

　　阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

　　(51)根据下面材料，回答题。

　　Florence Nightingale

　　In 1837, to the age of seventeen, Florence Nightingale decided to become a

　　nurse,___51____ horrified her dear mother. In ___52____ days, nurses were little more

　　than doormen, and hospitals were places of dirtiness and ___53____. Nightingale pressed

　　on and in 1853 she became president ___54____ a small London hospital. She went on to

　　the Crimea when war ___55____ there between Britain and Russia. She ___56____ the first

　　of what we now know ___57 ____war hospitals: sanitary,safe, and stocked with supplies.

　　Her tireless ministrations (照料) to the ___58 ____soldiers made her famous all ___59

　　____the world. Following the War, Nightingale ___60____ fame and continued to train

　　nurse, ever battling ___61____ what she herself declared "a commonly received idea.., that

　　it requires nothing ___62____ a disappointment in love, or incapacity in other things, to

　　turn a woman ___63____ a good nurse." Since 1921, her birthday ___64____ the

　　centerpiece of National Hospital Week,___65____ in British and American hospitals with

　　special exhibitions, workshops, and publicity drives.

　　___________

　　A: which

　　B: who

　　C: what

　　D: that

　　答案:A

　　解析:从形式看，这是个非限定性定语从句。从上下文的语境来看，南丁格尔在她17

　　岁时决定做护士，这件事情让她的母亲很吃惊。这里是指代整个句子，所以用which

　　来引导。因而正确答案为A。

　　(52) __________

　　A: these

　　B: those

　　C: old

　　D: past

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　前句说，在1837年，将满17岁的弗洛伦斯•南丁格尔决定当一名护士，

　　这个想法让她的母亲惊骇不已。接下来的in days

　　，应表示“在那些日子里，当时” 的含义，因此只能选those。

　　(53) __________

　　A: importance

　　B: neglect

　　C: liberty

　　D: comfort

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　本句说，当时，护士的地位比看门人高不了多少，而医院又是肮脏和——地方。

　　空白处显然应该填一个贬义词，四个选项中只有neglect是贬义词，因此neglect

　　为正确答案。neglect意为“忽视 ;被忽视的状态” ;importance意为“重要性，重大” ;

　　liberty意为“ 自由;自由权”，所以正确答案为B。

　　(54) __________

　　A: at

　　B: around

　　C: in

　　D: of

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　本句的意思是 ：在1853年，南丁格尔成为伦敦一家小医院的院长。此处应用of

　　表示所有关系，常可译为“…… 的”。at，in，around用在这里表地点都不合适。

　　(55) __________

　　A: broke out

　　B: broke off

　　C: broke up

　　D: broke in

　　答案:A

　　解析: break out意为“(火灾、战争等)爆发”，break off意为“断绝(关系)，中断”，break up

　　意为“(关系)毁坏，结束 ;使破裂”，break in

　　意为“(强盗等)强行闯入 ;打岔”，所以正确答案为A。

　　(56) __________

　　A: settled

　　B: executed

　　C: established

　　D: found

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　根据上下文，本句的意思是 ：她建立了第一所我们现在所说的战地医院。“建立”可用

　　establish和found两词。在本题中，答案只能是C项，不能选D项，

　　因为此处应该用过去时态，found的过去式是founded，found是find的过去式，

　　这一点尤其需要注意分辨。settle意为“决定 ;定居”，execute意为“实施，执行”。

　　(57) __________

　　A: for

　　B: at

　　C: as

　　D: with

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　本句的意思是她建立了第一个我们现在称为战地医院的机构。as在这里的意思是“作为”

　　，其他介词都不合适，所以正确答案为C。

　　(58) __________

　　A: wound

　　B: wounded

　　C: wounding

　　D: to wound

　　答案:B

　　解析:

　　句意 ：她对伤员不知疲倦的照顾使她誉满全球。分词和动词不定式都可做定语，

　　修饰名词，而动词原形不能，因此可排除A。动词不定式做定语时，

　　一般放在所修饰词的后面。分词有现在分词和过去分词之分，

　　现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词则表示动作已完成。因此“伤员”应表示为

　　wounded soldiers而不是wounding soldiers。

　　(59) __________

　　A: in

　　B: at

　　C: over

　　D: from

　　答案:C

　　解析: all over意为“遍及……”，all over the world意为“全世界”，所以正确答案为C。

　　(60) __________

　　A: pursued

　　B: involved

　　C: bargained

　　D: avoided

　　答案:D

　　解析:

　　此处要根据上下文才能决定正确选项。上句说，

　　南丁格尔对伤员不知疲倦的照顾使她誉满全球。接下来，她是从此卷入名利中，

　　还是继续干她的事业呢?从本句的continued to train

　　nurses，我们判断答案为D项avoided。avoid意为“逃避，回避”，pursue意为一 “

　　追求 ;实行，从事”，involve意为“卷入”，bargain意为“谈判，协议”。

　　(61) __________

　　A: against

　　B: for

　　C: of

　　D: through

　　答案:A

　　解析: battle against意为“与……斗争”，battle for意为“为……而战斗”，battle of

　　意为“…… 的战斗”，a battle ofwords意为“舌战”。另外，没有battle through

　　的搭配。此处against符合句意，意思是 ：她不计个人美名，继续培养护士，

　　并一直与人们对护士的偏见进行着斗争。她自己把这种偏见描述为“

　　一种普遍为人所接受的看法——要使一位女性成为一名好护士，

　　唯一条件是情场失意或在其他方面一事无成。”

　　(62) __________

　　A: and

　　B: but

　　C: or

　　D: than

　　答案:B

　　解析: nothing but是个固定词组，意为“仅仅，只有”，所以正确答案为B。

　　(63) __________

　　A: into

　　B: out

　　C: in

　　D: up

　　答案:A

　　解析: turn…into…意为“使……变为……”，turn out意为“结果是，最后情况是”，turn in

　　意为“交(上去) ;送还，交回”，turn up

　　意为“…… 出现，露面”。根据句意，此处应选into。turn a woman into a good

　　nurse意为“使一位女性成为一名好护士”，故选A。

　　(64) __________

　　A: is

　　B: was

　　C: has been

　　D: had been

　　答案:C

　　解析:

　　注意句中的介词since，它表示事情持续的起点，与现在完成时连用，表示过去到现在

　　与将来或过去完成时连用，则分别表示持续到将来或从更早的时间到过去的持续状态。

　　本句意思是 ：从1921年以来，她的生日一直是英美全国医院周的中心内容。

　　这项活动从过去一直持续到现在，因此我们用现在完成时态。

　　(65) __________

　　A: to observe

　　B: observed

　　C: observes

　　D: observing

　　答案:B

　　解析: 分词做状语要和句子的主语一致。这里observe意为“庆祝”，它和句子的主语her

　　birthday为被动关系，所以选用过去分词，因而答案为B。