虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气英语教师资格考试大纲

语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人的看法和态度。英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气主要用于陈述句和疑问句，用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等;祈使语气用于祈使句，表示请求、命令或警告等;虚拟语气则表示假想、推测或主观愿望，而非客观存在的事实。如：Don t be late next time。If I were you, I would not go. I wish I had a lot of money. 。

在虚拟语气中，含有非真实条件句的复合句使用最为普遍，学习时要特别注意从句和主句谓语动词的几种不同组合形式。另外，一些特定的英语句型或表达中常需要使用虚拟语气，也应是我们在学习时特别关注的地方。

考点一：虚拟语气的三种基本类型

1.与现在事实相反：①条件从句谓语：动词过去式

②主句谓语：would/should/could/might +动词原形

例如：If I saw him now, I would be very happy.

If I were here now, we could ask him about it.

2.与过去事实相反：①条件从句谓语：had+过去分词

②主句谓语：would/should/could/might + have+过去分词

例如：If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy.

If I had been here then, we could have asked him about it.

3.与将来事实相反：条件从句谓语：①动词过去式②should+动词原形③were to+动词原形

主句谓语：would/should/could/might+动词原形

例如：If I were/should be/were to be you tomorrow, I shouldn t quarrel with him.

Even if 引导的让步状语从句，其谓语形式与if 虚拟条件句相同。

Nothing could have saved the wounded man even if he had been treated without delay.

注意：

1.虚拟条件句中谓语动词变化助记口诀：碰到虚拟条件句，时态向前移一位。假设现在某情况，从句应用过去时。假设过去某情况，应用过去完成时。

2.上述主句谓语中，would表示结果，might表示可能性，could 表示能力、允许或可能性，should主要用于第一人称后。

3.条件从句的谓语动词为be时，不管其主语为单数还是复数通常都用were。

4.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中，当条件从句谓语动词使用should +动词原形时，主句谓语动词除了would/should/could/might +动词原形这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气

例如：If I should see him, I will tell him.

If it should rain tomorrow, don t except me.

考点二：混合虚拟语气

条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致。这时主从句动词的形式要根据时间来调整，使用各自的谓语动词。

例如： Tom would be alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night.

If he had followed th doctor s advice then, he would be quite all right now.

考点三： 倒装的虚拟条件句

If 条件句中有were, had和should时，可使用倒装结构，但if必须省略。

If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy. =Had I see him then, I would have been very happy.

If I should have time, I would go with you. =should I have time, I would go with you.

若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩成weren t, shouldn t, hadn t而置于句首。

If I were not so busy, I would go with you. =Were I not so busy, I would go with you.

考点四：含蓄条件句的虚拟语气

用without，or ，otherwise暗示if从句

例如：but for his help, we wouldn t have made such great progress.

He must have missed the train, or he would have arrived here then.

当上下文或上下句中的语境暗示的时候，省略条件句，避免重复。

It was not a matter of money. Even a very poor man would have done the same, I think.

They helped me a lot. I don t know what I would have done without their help.

考点五：虚拟条件句两个常用的固定句式

If it weren t for 和if it hadn t been for 是两个很正常的虚拟语气句型，其意为若不是;要不是有。

其倒装形式是：Were it not for 和Had it not been for

此句型可与but for, without 要不是 等替换。

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