2020天津解放军考军校招聘考试英语语法：关于习惯上要接动名词作宾语的动词用法

■当及物动词后面需要接另一个动词作宾语时，有些习惯上要用不定式，有些习惯上要用动名词，比如下面这些动词习惯上就只接动名词作宾语：

acknowledge 承认    admit 承认           advise 建议           allow 允许

anticipate期望          appreciate 感激     avoid 避免            ban 禁止

bar 禁止                 consider 考虑       delay 推迟            deny 否认

describe 描述           discuss 讨论        dislike 不喜欢       enjoy 喜爱

escape 逃脱             excuse 原谅         face 面临             fancy 设想

finish 完成               forbid 禁止           forgive 原谅         give up 放弃

imagine 想象            include 包括          involve 需要         keep 保持

mention 提及            mind 介意            miss 没赶上          pardon 原谅

permit 允许              postpone 推迟       practise 练习        prevent 阻止

prohibit 禁止            propose 建议         put off 推迟        recall 记起

recollect 记起           recommend 建议   repent 后悔          report 报告

resist 抵制               risk 冒险               save 节省             stop 停止

suggest 建议            understand 理解     urge 催促             witness 见证

■关于以上动词的用法，注意以下几点：

1. 先看看它们在具体语境中的用法：

She acknowledged having been at fault. 他承认自己错了。

John has admitted breaking the window. 约翰已承认打碎了窗子。

I advise waiting a few more days. 我建议再等几天。

They don’t allow parking. 他们不准停放汽车。

Do you anticipate meeting any trouble? 你预料会有麻烦吗?

I appreciate being given this opportunity. 非常感谢给了我这个机会。

I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我横穿马路以便避开他,但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。

We bar playing cards for money. 我们禁止玩牌赌钱。

He considered giving a new course. 他考虑开一门新课。

Why have they delayed answering our letter? 他们为什么迟迟不回我们的信?

He denied having taken it. 他否认拿了它。

He described finding his mother lying on the floor. 他描述说发现他母亲躺在地板上。

They will discuss giving further assistance to the oppressed peoples. 他们将讨论给予被压迫民族更多援助的问题。

Many teachers dislike marking piles of exercise books. 许多教师都厌烦批改大堆的作业。

Mary’s mother enjoys listening to music. 玛丽的母亲喜欢听音乐。

We were lucky to escape being punished. 我们很幸运，没有受罚。

Please excuse my opening your letter by mistake. 请原谅我误拆了你的信。

Many of the shipyard workers face losing their jobs. 很多造船厂的工人都面临失业。

I don’t fancy going for a walk in the rain. 我可不喜欢在雨中散步。

I finished reading the book last night. 这本书我是昨晚看完的。

The law forbids building on this land. 法律规定禁止在此处进行修建。

Please forgive my interrupting. 对不起，打搅了。

She gave up attempting to influence them. 她不再想法子影响他们了。

Try to imagine being on the moon. 设法想象你是在月球上。

Your duties will include putting the children to bed. 你的职责包括照顾孩子就寝。

 

 

Taking the job involves living abroad. 接受这个工作就得住在国外。

You shouldn’t keep thinking about it. 你不应老想着这事。

My wife mentioned seeing you the other day. 我妻子提起她几天前看见了你。

I do not much mind walking the five miles. 我不太介意步行五英里的路。

I just missed burning my hand. 我差点把手烫了。

Pardon my interrupting you. 请原谅我打断你的话。

We don’t permit smoking in the lecture room. 我们不允许在大教室抽烟。

We’ve had to postpone going to France because the children are ill. 我们不得不延期去法国，因为孩子们病了。

You must practise speaking English more. 你应更多地练习讲英语。

The test questions are kept secret, so as to prevent cheating. 考题都保密以防作弊。

Many firms prohibit smoking in their shops. 许多商家禁止在店里吸烟。

I propose waiting till the police get here. 我建议等到警察来这儿。

I can’t put off going to the dentist any longer. 去看牙医的事我不能再拖了。

I recalled seeing her at a banquet. 我记起在一个宴会上碰到过她。

She can recollect meeting the king. 她能回忆起觐见国王的事。

She recommends buying the big tins. 她推荐买大号罐头。

Allan repented having shot the bird. 阿伦悔不该射死那只鸟。

They reported having seen UFOs. 他们宣称看见了飞碟。

She couldn’t resist buying one. 她禁不住要买一个。

They risked losing everything. 他们冒失去一切的危险。

He's grown a beard to save shaving. 他留起了胡子，省得再刮脸。

Perhaps it’ll stop raining soon. 雨可能很快会停。

I suggest doing it a different way. 我建议以另一种方式做这事。

I can’t understand treating children like that. 那样对待孩子，我不能理解。

He urged leaving at once. 他催促马上离开。

Who witnessed his signing the document? 谁签署文件的证人？

2. 有些动词，如consider, discuss, recollect, understand等，它们虽然不能直接跟不定式作宾语，但是可以跟“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。如：

Have you considered how to get there? 你是否考虑过如何到那儿去?

We discussed what to do and where we should go. 我们讨论了该怎么办及到哪里去。

She doesn’t understand how to look after him. 她不知道应如何照顾他。

Do you recollect how to get there? 你记得怎样去那里吗?

 

2. 有些动词，如acknowledge, advise, allow, forbid, permit, urge等，它们后面虽然不能直接跟不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补足语，即接不定式的复合结构作宾语。如：

They acknowledged themselves to be defeated. 他们承认自己被击败。

She advised us to keep the door locked. 她建议我们应当锁好门。

In no circumstances will I allow you to go there. 不管发生什么事，我都不准你去那里。

Most of the parents agree to forbade their children to smoke. 大多数父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽烟。

We don’t permit people to smoke in the lecture room. 我们不允许人们在大教室抽烟。 

Ann urged me to read the instructions. 安劝告我看看说明书。

这类句式有时也可换成sb’s doing sth结构，如上面的前面两句也可写成：

The doctor advised my taking a complete rest. 医生建议我完全休息。

My parents don’t allow my going out at night. 我父母不允许我晚上出去。