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高中教育高三化学选5·1-2章测试题

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  • 1下列有机物中,在常温、常压下为无色且密度比水小的液体是(  )①苯 ②硝基苯 ③溴苯 ④CCl<sub>4</sub> ⑤环己烷

    A.②③④

    B.①⑤

    C.②③④⑤

    D.都是

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  • 2要检验己烯中是否混有少量甲苯,正确的方法是(  )

    A.先加足量的KMnO4酸性溶液,然后再加入溴水

    B.先加入适量溴水,然后再加入KMnO4酸性溶液

    C.点燃这种液体,然后再观察火焰的明亮程度及黑烟的量

    D.加入浓HNO3后加热

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  • 3当1 mol某气态烃与2 mol Cl<sub>2</sub>发生加成反应时,分子中的不饱和碳原子全部转化为饱和碳原子,所得产物再与2 mol Cl<sub>2</sub>进行取代反应后,生成只含C、Cl两种元素的化合物。则该气态烃是(  )

    A.乙烯

    B.乙炔

    C.丙烯

    D.丙炔

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  • 42--氯丁烷在NaOH的乙醇溶液中加热反应,下列说法中正确的是(  )

    A.只生成一种有机产物

    B.能生成两种有机产物

    C.能生成三种有机产物

    D.可能生成烷烃

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  • 5相同碳原子数的烷烃、烯烃、炔烃,在空气中完全燃烧生成二氧化碳和水,所需空气量的比较中正确的是(  )

    A.烷烃最少

    B.烯烃最少

    C.炔烃最少

    D.三者一样多

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  • 6对于有机物CH<sub>3</sub>—CH=CH—Cl能发生的反应的说法中正确的是(  )①取代反应 ②加成反应 ③消去反应 ④使溴水褪色⑤使高锰酸钾酸性溶液褪色 ⑥与AgNO<sub>3</sub>溶液反应生成白色沉淀 ⑦加聚反应

    A.以上反应均可发生

    B.只有⑦不能发生

    C.只有⑥不能发生

    D.只有②不能发生

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  • 7室温下,一种气态烷烃和一种气态烯烃的混合物9g,其密度是相同条件下H<sub>2</sub>密度的11.25倍。当混合物通过足量的溴水时,溴水增重4.2g,则这两种气态烃是(  )

    A.C2H6和C2H4

    B.CH4和C3H6

    C.CH4和C2H4

    D.CH4和C4H8

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  • 8下列各项操作,错误的是(  )

    A.用酒精萃取溴水中的溴单质的操作可选用分液漏斗,而后静置分液

    B.进行分液时,分液漏斗中的下层液体,从下端流出,上层液体则从上口倒出

    C.萃取、分液前需对分液漏斗进行检漏

    D.将分液漏斗上面的塞子拿下,可以保证分液漏斗内的液体顺利流出

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  • 9根据下表中烃的分子式排列规律,判断空格中烃的同分异构体的数目是(  )<table style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" _dj="MsoNormalTable"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 37.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="51">1</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 41.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="55">2</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 41.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="55">3</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 41.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="55">4</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 25.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="33">5</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 44.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="60">6</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 44.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="60">7</td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 44.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="60">8</td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 37.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="51">CH<sub>4</sub></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 41.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="55">C<sub><font size="2">2</font></sub>H<sub>4</sub></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 41.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="55">C<sub><font size="2">3</font></sub>H<sub>8</sub></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 41.4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="55">C<sub><font size="2">4</font></sub>H<sub>8</sub></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 25.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="33"> </td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 44.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="60">C<sub><font size="2">6</font></sub>H<sub>12</sub></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 44.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="60">C<sub><font size="2">7</font></sub>H<sub>16</sub></td><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 44.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="60">C<sub><font size="2">8</font></sub>H<sub><font size="2">16</font></sub></td></tr></tbody></table> 

    A.3            

    B.4

    C.5

    D.6

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  • 10已知下列两个结构简式:CH<sub>3</sub>—CH<sub>3</sub>和CH<sub>3</sub>—,两式中均有短线“—”,这两条短线所表示的意义是(  )

    A.都表示一对共用电子对

    B.都表示一个共价单键

    C.前者表示一对共用电子对,后者表示一个未成对电子

    D.前者表示分子内只有一个共价单键,后者表示该基团内无共价单键

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