案例:7个月男婴,发热、腹泻5天,呕吐3次,大便5〜6次/天,稀水样便,偶有少量脓血。查体:T38.5℃,无脱水征。治疗方法可应用
A.禁食6〜12小时
B.静脉补液
C.用抗生素
D.用止泻药
E.用抗病毒药
试卷相关题目
- 1案例:7个月男婴,发热、腹泻5天,呕吐3次,大便5〜6次/天,稀水样便,偶有少量脓血。查体:T38.5℃,无脱水征。首先可除外的疾病是
A.细菌性痢疾
B.空场弯曲菌肠炎
C.侵袭性大肠埃希菌肠炎
D.产毒性大肠埃希菌肠炎
E.鼠伤寒沙门小肠结肠炎
开始考试点击查看答案 - 2案例:10-month-old boy presents high fever and watery,bloody,mucous diarrhea for 3 days,vomiting and anuria for 24 hours with a paternal complaint of "refusing to eat and sleeping too much".Physical examination reveals a lethargic boy with a body temperature of 39℃,deeply sunken eyes,dry mucosa and poor skin turgor.His extremities are cool with capillary refill time of > 4 seconds.Which kind of fliud should be given to the patient first:
A.10ml/kg,IV,within 0.5〜1 hour
B.10ml/kg,IV,within 1 day
C.20ml/kg,IV,within 0.5〜1 hour
D.20ml/kg,IV,within 1 day
E.30ml/kg,IV,within 1 day
开始考试点击查看答案 - 3案例:10-month-old boy presents high fever and watery,bloody,mucous diarrhea for 3 days,vomiting and anuria for 24 hours with a paternal complaint of "refusing to eat and sleeping too much".Physical examination reveals a lethargic boy with a body temperature of 39℃,deeply sunken eyes,dry mucosa and poor skin turgor.His extremities are cool with capillary refill time of > 4 seconds.In summary the total volume of fluid the patient need is
A.60〜90ml/kg
B.90〜120ml/kg
C.120〜150ml/kg
D.150〜180ml/kg
E.180〜210ml/kg
开始考试点击查看答案 - 4案例:10-month-old boy presents high fever and watery,bloody,mucous diarrhea for 3 days,vomiting and anuria for 24 hours with a paternal complaint of "refusing to eat and sleeping too much".Physical examination reveals a lethargic boy with a body temperature of 39℃,deeply sunken eyes,dry mucosa and poor skin turgor.His extremities are cool with capillary refill time of > 4 seconds.His degree of dehydration is
A.mild dehydration
B.moderate dehydration
C.severe dehydration
D.None of the above
E.All of the above
开始考试点击查看答案 - 5案例:1岁半小儿,突起腹泻,大便每日10多次,黏液状,带脓血,伴恶心、呕吐、高热和腹痛。查体:T39.5℃,精神极差,意识模糊,呼吸深快,有烂苹果味,面色苍灰,前囟眼窝明显凹陷,哭无泪,口唇干燥,皮肤弹性差,脉细弱,尿少,四肢冰冷,心音低钝,可闻及期前收缩。化验:大便常规见较多的红、白细胞;血钠135mmol/L,钾3.4mmol/L,C02CP9mmol/L。经入院治疗后患儿的呕吐和腹泻减轻,第二天体温正常,但输液过程中突然出现惊厥,应首先考虑合并了
A.低血糖症
B.低钠血症
C.低钙血症
D.低镁血症
E.低钾血症加重
开始考试点击查看答案 - 6案例:1个月男婴,因“大便次数增多伴便中带血7天”于8月3日入院。患儿系混合喂养儿,平时大便呈黄色稀糊状,达3〜5次/日。7天前大便次数增加到5〜6次/日,偶有黏液血丝,无发热,精神可,皮肤可见湿疹,粪便WBC3〜5个/HP,RBC5〜10个/HP。经第三代头孢霉素抗感染治疗3天后,便中黏液血丝消失,但腹泻没有改善,继续原治疗,近2天出现低热,食欲缺乏,精神萎靡,粪便中黏液血丝增多并见少许黏膜样物。患者大便次数增多伴便中带血的原因最可能是
A.病毒性肠炎
B.细菌性痢疾
C.侵袭性细菌肠炎
D.乳糖不耐受
E.牛奶蛋白过敏
开始考试点击查看答案 - 7案例:1个月男婴,因“大便次数增多伴便中带血7天”于8月3日入院。患儿系混合喂养儿,平时大便呈黄色稀糊状,达3〜5次/日。7天前大便次数增加到5〜6次/日,偶有黏液血丝,无发热,精神可,皮肤可见湿疹,粪便WBC3〜5个/HP,RBC5〜10个/HP。经第三代头孢霉素抗感染治疗3天后,便中黏液血丝消失,但腹泻没有改善,继续原治疗,近2天出现低热,食欲缺乏,精神萎靡,粪便中黏液血丝增多并见少许黏膜样物。患儿近2日发热、再次黏液血便出现,首先考虑的诊断是
A.抗生素不敏感
B.真菌性肠炎
C.假膜性肠炎
D.空肠弯曲菌感染
E.金黄色葡萄球菌感染
开始考试点击查看答案 - 8案例:1个月男婴,因“大便次数增多伴便中带血7天”于8月3日入院。患儿系混合喂养儿,平时大便呈黄色稀糊状,达3〜5次/日。7天前大便次数增加到5〜6次/日,偶有黏液血丝,无发热,精神可,皮肤可见湿疹,粪便WBC3〜5个/HP,RBC5〜10个/HP。经第三代头孢霉素抗感染治疗3天后,便中黏液血丝消失,但腹泻没有改善,继续原治疗,近2天出现低热,食欲缺乏,精神萎靡,粪便中黏液血丝增多并见少许黏膜样物。目前采取的措施中,以下哪项不妥当
A.再次粪便涂片、便培养、血培养
B.加强抗炎,改用亚胺培南治疗
C.血常规和便常规检查
D.停用抗生素治疗
E.应用氨基酸配方奶
开始考试点击查看答案 - 9案例:5个月男婴,因黄疸4个月余入院。查体:皮肤、巩膜黄染,肝肋下4cm,剑突下2.5cm,质中,边钝,脾肋下及边,移动性浊音(一)。血常规正常,尿UBG(—),BIL(+ +)。ALT215U/L,AST197U/L,总胆红素(TBIU105.6μmol/L,结合胆红素(DBIL)74.0μmol/L可能出现的临床表现是
A.鲜血便
B.灰白色大便
C.柏油样便
D.脓血便
E.蛋花汤样大便
开始考试点击查看答案 - 10案例:5个月男婴,因黄疸4个月余入院。查体:皮肤、巩膜黄染,肝肋下4cm,剑突下2.5cm,质中,边钝,脾肋下及边,移动性浊音(一)。血常规正常,尿UBG(—),BIL(+ +)。ALT215U/L,AST197U/L,总胆红素(TBIU105.6μmol/L,结合胆红素(DBIL)74.0μmol/L最先考虑的诊断是
A.中毒性肝炎
B.先天性胆道闭锁
C.自身免疫性肝炎
D.婴儿肝炎综合征
E.肝硬化
开始考试点击查看答案