The bold word "it" refers to which of the following、 

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• 1The bold word "hampered" in Line 1 Para 2 is closest in meaning to____. 

  A.recognized

  B.determined 

  C.solved

  D.hindered 

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• 2According to the passage, how did knowledge about chemical processes increase before the seventeenth century、 

  A.Philosophers devised theories about chemical properties. 

  B.A special symbolic language was developed.

  C.Experience led workers to revise their techniques. 

  D.Experts shared their discoveries with the public. 

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• 3What is the passage mainly about、 

  A.The scientific revolution in the seventeenth century.

  B.Reasons that chemistry developed slowly as a science.

  C.The practical aspects of chemistry.

  D.Difficulties of organizing knowledge systematically. 

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• 4Which of the following statements best explains why "the second of these was the more serious impediment"(Underlined)、

  A.Chemical knowledge was limited to a small number of people.

  B.The symbolic language used was very imprecise.

  C.Very few new discoveries were made by alchemists. 

  D.The records of the chemical processes were not based on experiments.

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• 5What is the best title for the passage、

  A.Oil Refining: A Historical Perspective

  B.The California Gold Rush: Get Rich Quickly

  C.Private Property: Trespassers Will Be Prosecuted

  D.Kerosene Lamps: A Light in the Tunnel

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• 6It can be inferred form the passage that kerosene was preferable to whale oil because whale　oil was too____.

  A.expensive

  B.thick 

  C.hot

  D.polluted

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• 7According to the passage, many people initially thought that E. L. Drake had made a mistake　by____.

  A.going on a whaling expedition 

  B.moving to Pennsylvania

  C.searching for oil 

  D.retiring from his job

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• 8Why does the author mention the California gold rush、

  A.To explain the need for an increased supply of gold

  B.To indicate the extent of United States mineral wealth

  C.To describe the mood when oil was first discovered

  D.To argue that gold was more valuable than oil

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