2021湖南普通专升本:专升本英语语法中从句分类总结
来源:长理培训发布时间:2020-08-20 21:55:23
英语从句在在专升本英语考试中也是会经常考察到的知识点。而英语从句包括定语从句,状语从句……等等。无论哪一种英语从句,只要大家能够把这些定语从句给掌握,在做题的时候能够灵活运用。那么,大家在2018年专升本英语考试中遇见此类型的题,把分数给拿下是没有问题的。下面小编给大家分类整理了英语从句汇总,仅供大家英语学习参考。
定语从句
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which等。
关系副词有:when,where,why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who,whom,that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2)Whose
用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which,that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作宾语)
The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when,where,why
关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构,因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year(that/when/in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place(that/where/in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
状语从句
在句子中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导。
状语从句可分为:
时间状语从句:
When Susan goes to town,she will visit her grandma.
苏珊每次进城,总要去看望她奶奶。
地点状语从句:
I will go where I am needed.
哪里需要我,我就到哪里去。
方式状语从句:
I have changed it as you suggest.
我已经按照你的建议作了改变。
原因状语从句:
Mary didn't go shopping because I advised her not to.
玛丽没有去购物,因为我劝她不要去。
目的状语从句:
They worked hard in order that they might succeed.
他们努力工作,以便能够获得成功。
结果状语从句:
Waste must be treated so that it does not become a danger to life.
废物必须进行处理,这样它才不会成为危害生命的东西。
条件状语从句:
If he works hard,he will surely succeed.
如果努力工作,他肯定会成功。
让步状语从句:
Though we are all different,we need never be separate.
虽然我们各不相同,但是我们永远也不会分开。
比较状语从句:
I was happier than I had ever been in my life.
这是我一生中最快乐的时光。
名词性从句(主语宾语表语同位语)
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which
连接副词:when,where,how,why
不可省略的连词:
1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
【比较】whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下,whether不能被if取代:
1.whether引导主语从句并在句首
2.引导表语从句
3.whether从句作介词宾语
4.从句后有"or not",例:Whether he will come or not is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语:
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
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