2021湖南普通专升本:《英语》语法讲解之定语从句
来源:长理培训发布时间:2020-08-20 21:38:17
各种从句系列是语法知识中最难的,而定语从句又是所有从句类型中最难的。今天的语法内容是关于定语从句的知识点讲解。
普通专升本《英语》
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who,whom,that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2)Whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which,that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作主语)
The package which/that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when,where,why
关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构,因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+which"引导的定语从句,在非正式文体中that常被省略(正式文体中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year(that/when/in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place(that/where/in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
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