2020湖南普通专升本:英语词汇精讲之词汇概述
来源:长理培训发布时间:2020-08-19 11:05:53
专升本:英语词汇精讲之词汇概述
词汇主要从单个的词(包括名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词等)、短语、固定搭配等方面出题考查考生对词汇的掌握情况。出题的角度通常是所给的4个选项的词意比较接近,或拼写比较相像,或搭配不同则意义不同,或固定词组的搭配和运用等。
词汇的考查通常是最基本的词、常用词的搭配和一些常用的固定词组。面对这类考题,考生需要比较熟练地掌握,方能作出正确的选择。
例题及说明:
例l.Mary is the kind of person who always seems to be a hurry.
A.On
B.in
C.with
D.for
说明:考查介词短语。答案:B。In a hurry匆忙,固定搭配。与hurry搭配的短语还有:hurry away/off匆忙离去,hurry up赶紧。【句子大意】Mary是那种似乎总是匆匆忙忙的人。
例2.I think that Anna is far the most active member in our group.
A.with
B.at
C.as
D.by
说明:考查介词短语。答案:D。By far到目前为止,固定搭配。与far搭配的短语还有:as far as就……,尽……。【句子大意】我认为,到目前为止,Anna是我们组里最积极的一位。
例3:Driving a car is not as difficult as you imagine,if you the rules.
A.depend on
B.turn to
C.put up
D.stick to
说明:考查动词与介词搭配。答案:D。Depend on依靠、依赖,turn to转向,put up举起、提名,stick to遵守。【句子大意】如果你遵守规则就会发现开车并不像想象的那么困难。
例4:Grandma told the story in a very sad and we were all moved.(2007)
A.tune
B.tongue
C.ton
D.tone
说明:考查名词。答案:D。这几个词拼写有些相像,但意思截然不同。Tone语气、音调,tune曲调、曲子,tongue语言、口语,ton大量、许多。【句子大意】祖母用非常悲伤的语气讲故事,我们都被感动了。
例5.The guide is a line of tourists through the narrow passage with the help of his torch.(2007)
A.concluding
B.containing
C.conducting
D.conquering
说明:考查现在分词。答案:C。这也是一组拼写比较相像而意思不同的词。Conducting指引,concluding结束,containing包含,conquering征服。【句子大意】向导借助火把带领一队游客穿过狭窄的通道。
例6:The football match was televisedfrom the Berlin Olympic Stadium.(2007)
A.live
B.alive
C.living
D.lively
说明:考查形容词、副词。答案:A。本组词拼写相近,但意义不同。Be televised电视播送。live现场直播的,在这里作副词,电视实况转播;alive有活力的,living活着的,lively活泼的。【句子大意】这场足球赛是来自柏林奥林匹克运动场的现场直播。
例7:Normally Dr.Mackenzie is rather,but sometimes he talks freely about himself.(2006)
A.sociable
B.reserved
C.open
D.ignorant
说明:考查形容词辨析。答案:B。Sociable好交际的、友善的,reserved沉默寡言的、含蓄的,open开放的、坦率的,ignorant无知的、愚昧的。But是个转折词,前半句与后半句所表达的意思应是相反的,后半句说他有时说话很直率(freely),前面的空就应选择与之相反的词。【句子大意】通常,Mackenzie博士是非常沉默寡言的,但有时他也很坦率地讲自己的事。
例8.The flyover at the crossing on the 6th ring road is now construction.(2007)
A.under
B.in
C.at
D.with
说明:考查介词。答案:A。Under在……之中,在……之下;in在……里;at在某一点;with
伴随。【句子大意】六环路上的十字路口过街天桥正在建设中。Under her leadership,the program has been finished one month ahead.在她的领导下,这个项目提前一个月就完成了。
例9:If I had more time,I would golf as a hobby.(2007)
A.take in
B.take on
C.take up
D.take over
说明:考查动词与介词的搭配。答案:C。Take in欺骗、做有报酬的工作;take on雇用;take up从事;take over接管。【句子大意】如果我有多一点的时间,我会把高尔夫作为我的爱好。有关其他三个词组的例句如下。I couldn’t believe she was taken in by him.我简直不相信她居然被他骗了。She supports her family by taking in laundry.她靠为人洗衣养活家人。The company decided to take on a new secretary.这个公司决定雇用一个新秘书。Who wilt take over my job?谁会来接管我的工作?
例10:I cannot find my umbrella.I must have it on the bus yesterday.(2006)
A.lost
B.left
C.forgotten
D.neglected
说明:考查动词过去分词。答案:B。lost丢失、迷失方向,left遗落,forgotten忘掉,neglected忽略。【句子大意】我找不着雨伞了。肯定是昨天落在公共汽车上了。这里主要考查lost和left的差别。I lost my pen.我把笔丢了(找不到了)。I am lost.我迷路了(找不着方向了)。I left my pen somewhere.我把笔落在什么地方了(没有丢)。I am left behind.我落后了。
例11:It was so late that we had time to catch the train.(2005)
A.nearly
B.almost
C.hardly
D.simply
说明:考查副词。答案:C。Nearly几乎,almost差不多,hardly几乎不、几乎没有,simply仅仅、只不过。so...that...如此……以至……。Hardly用在肯定句中表示的是否定的意思。So late表明太晚了,肯定是很难赶上火车,而题干是肯定句式,所以应选带有否定意义的词。其他的词都是表达肯定的意思。【句子大意】太晚了,我们赶不上火车了。
例12:Nuclear science should be developed to benefit people harm them.(2005)
A.more than
B.better than
C.other than
D.rather than
说明:考查短语。答案:D。More than多于、不只、不仅,better than超过、比……好/多,other than除了、只能是、不同于,rather than而不是。【句子大意】核科学的发展应有益于人民而不是有害于人民。这四个词组的差别见例句:I am more than glad to help you.我非常愿意帮助你(不仅仅是高兴)。Tom’s translation of the short story is much better than Jack.Tom对这个小故事的翻译比Jack的好多了。There is nobody here other than me.这里除了我没有别人。I can’t do other than obey.我什么都不能做,只能服从(除了服从什么都不能做)。You are doing this for yourself rather than for others.你这样做只是为你自己并不是为别人。
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