解放军文职招聘考试The Definition of "Price"

 The Definition of "Price"

Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by

which products and services  that are in  limited supply are rationed among

buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex network composed

of    the prices of all the products bought and sold in  the  economy  as 

well  as  those  of  a  myriad  of  services,  including    labor, 

professional, transportation, and public-utility services. The

interrelationships of all these prices make up the

"system" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is

linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems

to depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask a group 

of randomly selected  individuals  to define "price", many would reply that

price is an    amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or

service or,     in other words,  that  price  is  the money  value  of  a 

product  or  service  as  agreed  upon  in  a  market transaction. This

definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete

understanding of a price in any  particular transaction, much  more than

the amount of  money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller

should be familiar with not only the money amount,    but with the amount and

quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at

which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of

money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply    to the

transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return

privileges, and other factors. In    other words, both buyer and seller should

be fully aware of  all the factors  that comprise the total "package"     being

exchanged for  the asked-for amount of money in order that they may

evaluate a given price.

"价格"的定义  价格决定资源的使用方式。 价格也是有限的产品与服务在买方中的配给 手段。 

美国的价格系统是复杂的网状系统，包括经济生活中一切产品买卖的价格，也包括 名目繁多的各种服务，诸如劳动力、专职人员、交通运输、公共事业等服务的价格。 

所有 这些价格的内在联系构成了价格系统。  任何一种个别产品或服务的价格都与这个庞大而复

杂的系统密切相关，而且或多或少地受到系统中其它成份的制约。如果随机挑选一群人，问

问他们如何定义"价格"，许多人会回答价格就是根据卖方提供的产品或服务，买方向其付出 的钱数。

换句话说，价格就是市场交易中大家认同的产品或服务的货币量。 该定义就其本 身来说自有其道理。 

但要获得对价格在任何一桩交易中的完整认识，就必须考虑到大量" 非货币"因素的影响。 买卖双方不但要清楚交易中的钱数，而且要非常熟悉交易物的质量和

数量，交易的时间、地点，采用哪种形式付款，有怎样的缓付和优惠，对交易物的质量保证、 交货条款、退赔权利等等。 

也就是说，为了能估算索价，买卖双方必须通晓构成交易物价 格的通盘细节。