解放军文职招聘考试全国2010年4月自学考试英语国家概况试题

 全国2010年4月自学考试英语国家概况试题
课程代码：00522
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I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question，four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(50 points，1 point for each)
1.____C_______of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history, in which William，
 the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his followers.
A. The Roman Conquest  B. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest
C. The Norman Conquest  D. The Celt Conquest
2.As a result of the Black Death，__C_________.
A. all land was left untended  B. no labor was required any longer
C. 1and owners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming
D. surviving peasants were not able to bargain about their wages
3.Which of the following statements about Elizabeth I(1 55 8-1 603)is true? B
A. Elizabeth was 35 when she came to the throne.
B. Elizabeth remained single.
C. Elizabeth was not able to work with Parliament.
D. Her reign was a time of diminishing English nationalism.
4. _____D______ was not in the“Allies” in the First World War.
A. Britain  B. France
C. Russia  D. Turkey
5.The English Civil War is also called ____B_______ .
A. the Revolutionary War  B. the Puritan Revolution
C. the Reformation  D. the Renaissance
6.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The head of State is a king or a queen .In practice，____B_______.
A. Parliament rules the country
B. the Sovereign reigns but does not rule
C. the Sovereign rules but does not reign
D. the Prime Minister rules and reigns
7.In January,1973，Britain finally became a full member of the____C_______，which was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957.
A. Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development
B. Organization of European Development
C. European Economic Community
D. European Union
8.The____D_______refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
A. Urbanization  B. Economic Boom
C. Glorious Revolution  D. Industrial Revolution
9.The major Christian festivals in Britain are_____B______ .
A. Christmas, Easter and Mother’s Day
B. Christmas, Easter and Whit Sunday
C. Christmas，Guy Fawkes Day and St. Patrick’s Day
D. Christmas，Whit Sunday and St. George’s Day
10.The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. At present there are ____C_______ countries within the Commonwealth (1991).
A. 30  B. 40
C. 50  D. 60
11.Among the three tribes of the Celts coming to Britain, the most industrious and vigorous of the Celtic tribes was the ____C_______ .
A. Gaels  B. Brythons
C. Belgae  D. Vikings
12.Political change in England came mainly through_____A______.
A. gradual reform  B. revolution
C. people’s uprisings  D. working class movement
13.The two parties that have held power in Britain since 1945 are _____B______ .
A. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party
B. the Conservative Party and the Labor Party
C. the Labor Party and the Social Democratic Party
D. the Labor Party and the Democratic Party
14._____C______’s reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts. in exploration and in battle.
A. Mary  B. Henry VIII
C. E1izabeth I  D. Charles II
15.After the Restoration，Parliament passed a series of severe laws called ______C______against the Puritans，now known as Nonconformists.
A. Agreement of the People  B. the Petition of the Right
C. the Clarendon Code  D. the Act of Supremacy
16.Which statement about the“Wars of Roses”is NOT true? B
A. The king’s power now became supreme.
B. Ordinary people were seriously affected.
C. The wars were waged intermittently for 30 years.
D. From these wars feudalism received its death blow.
1 7.The finest exponents of Elizabethan drama in the English Renaissance were ___D________ .
A. Ben Johnson，Christopher Marlowe and Charles Dickens
B. Edmund Spenser, Charles Dickens and William Shakespeare
C. William Shakespeare, Ben Johnson and Charles Dickens
D. William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson
18.The Chartist movement was the first nationwide _____A______ movement.
A. working class  B. lower middle class
C. upper middle class  D. upper class
19.______A________led the U.K. to final victory in the Second World War.
A. Winston Churchill  B. Neville Chamberlain
C. Tony Blair  D. William Gladstone
20.Which statement about the religion in Britain is true? C
A. Every person in Britain may change his religion，but with difficulty.
B. Every person may not manifest his faith in teaching，worship and observance.
C. Every person has the right to religious freedom without interference from the community or the State.
D. Churches and religious societies of any kind cannot own property and propagate their beliefs in speeches and writing.
21.In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus，a(n)_____C______navigator, led his men to sail across the vast ocean and reached some small islands in the now West Indies.
A. French  B. Spanish
C. Italian  D. English
22.American troops defeated the British at_____A______ in Northern New York. This was a great turning point of the American War of Independence，leading directly to an alliance between the U.S. and France.
A. Saratoga  B. Trenton
C. Lexington  D. Yorktown
23.In 1787，delegates from the states held a meeting in Philadelphia to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. The meeting came to be called the _____C______ .
A. First Continental Congress  B. Second Continental Congress
C. Constitutional Convention  D. Independent Convention
24.Which of the following is NOT among President Theodore Roosevelt’s contributions? D
A. The implementation of the Sherman Anti-trust Act.
B. The initiation of large-scale irrigation projects.
C. The adoption of the Hepburn Act of 1906.
D. The passage of the Federal Reserve Act.
25._____C______Was the beginning of a long economic depression in the U.S. in 1929.
A. Business bankruptcy  B. Serious unemployment
C. The stock market crash  D. Foreclosures
26.During the Second World War, American wartime objectives were the total destruction of_____A______ powers and the establishment of a world order.
A. Axis  B. Asian
C. Allied  D. European
27.In 1932，in the depth of the depression，the American people chose _____B______ as their next president who promised to get the U.S. out of the depression.
A. Theodore Roosevelt  B. Franklin  D. Roosevelt
C. Woodrow Wilson  D. Herbert  C. Hoover
28.Education was made a function of the state under the _____A______Amendment to the US Constitution.
A. Tenth  B. Eleventh
C. Twelfth  D. Thirteenth
29.McCarthyism was a full-scale _____D______hysteria in the United States in the 1950s.
A. pro-Nazi  B. anti-Fascist
C. pro-Communist  D. anti-Communist
30.On June 5，1947，____B_______suggested that the US should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.
A. George Kennan  B. George Marshall
C. Dwight Eisenhower  D. James F. Byrnes
31.A decision to set up a world organization，the United Nations，was made at_____A______.
A. Yalta Conference  B. Potsdam Conference
C. Teheran Conference  D. Paris Conference
32.The safeguards against abuse of powers in the United States come in the form of_____A______.
A. separation of powers  B. executive orders
C. presidential elections  D. judicial reviews
33.______D_____Was meant to guarantee the blacks and others the right to vote.
A. Emancipation Proclamation in 1863
B. The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865
C. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
D. The Voting Rights Act of 1965
34.Woman obtained voting right from the____C_______ Amendment to the Constitution.
A. 17th  B. 18th
C. 19th  D. 20th
35.Of the four kinds of high schools，______B_____ones only aim to prepare students for college.
A. comprehensive  B. academic
C. vocational  D. technical
36.There have been____C______ periods in the development of American political parties in
 the United States.
A. two  B. three
C. four  D. five
37.The 1920s in the United States has been described by many historians as a period of
____B_______.
A. material failure  B. spiritual frustration
C. political setbacks  D. welfare reform
38.____A_______is the largest single source of goods imported by the U.S.，accounting for nearly
30％of the total.
A. Canada  B. Mexico
C. Japan  D. European Union
39.Mark Twain’s masterwork was ____D_______ .
A. The Scarlet Letter  B. Leaves of Grass
C. The Sketch Book  D. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
40.In the early part of the 19th century，____D_______was the center of American writing.
A. Boston  B. Philadelphia
C. Chicago  D. New York City
41.Tourist trade is important in economy in ______B_____with rich green mountains and valleys.
A. British Columbia  B. Atlantic provinces
C. the Canadian-Shield  D. St. Lawrence-Great Lakes provinces
42.Which of the following about Canada in World War I is NOT true? A
A. It founded its navy to enter World War I.
B. It took a seat as a member of the League of Nations.
C. It won the right to sign the Peace Treaty of 1919 in its own name.
D. It has found its place among the nations of the world since World War I.

43.Generally speaking，Canada can be divided into_____D______ geographical regions.
A. three  B. four
C. five  D. six
44.Which of the following statements about Australia is true? B
A. It is the world’s fifth largest country and is surrounded by sea.
B. It is the smallest and the only continent that contains only one country.
C. It is a continent that contains only Australia and New Zealand.
D. It is the world’s smallest continent and the world’s fourth largest country.
45.The first Australian colony, established by Britain in 1788 and called the premier state，is ____D_______ .
A. Victoria  B. Tasmania
C. Queensland  D. New South Wales
46.The Australian political division borders are drawn_____A______.
A. along straight lines of latitude and longitude
B. along rivers and forests
C. along mountain ranges
D. along natural features
47.The only native mammals in New Zealand are____B_______.
A. rabbits  B. bats
C. opossums  D. goats
48.A chain of mountains runs almost the whole length of South Island in New Zealand. The highest peak is_____B______.
A. Mt Ruapehu  B. Mt Cook
C. Mt Ngaurohoe  D. Mt Tongariro
49.One of the four unusual demographic features of Ireland is_____B______.
A. an early marriage age
B. an excess of males in the population
C. a low proportion of bachelors and spinsters of all ages
D. a high birthrate compounded by a century of emigration

50.Migration in Ireland declined sharply_____D______.
A. during WWI
B. in recent years
C. in the early decades of the 20th century
D. after the establishment of the Irish Free State
II.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(30 points，3 points for each)
51.What is the Magna Carta also known as?
ANSWER:It is also known as the baron's charter(the Great Charter).

52.Who has the power to declare war and make peace in the U.K.?
ANSWER:The Queen has the power to declare war and make peace.

53.What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?
ANSWER:Thay are England,Scotland and Wales.

54.When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?独立宣言是在何时通过的?
ANSWER:It was adopted on July 4,1776

55.What foreign policy did the American government pursue in the early 1930s?美国政府的外交政策
ANSWER:It pursues an isolationist foreign policy in the early 1930s.追求一个孤立的外交政策

56.What are Conglomerates集团 in the USA?
ANSWER:Conglomerates are big companies that own several smaller businesses whose products and services are usually very different.
企业集团是大公司通常拥有不同产品和服务的一些小企业

57.Where is the name“Canada”believed to have come from?
ANSWER:It is believed to have come from the native people,the Indians.

58.Why does Great Britain have the greatest influence upon Australia?
ANSWER:Great Britain has had the greatest influence because Australia was settled as a British colony.

59.What is Maoritanga?毛利文化
ANSWER:Maoritanga is Maoriculture,the Maori way of life and view of the world.

60.What was the consequence of the the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921?英爱条约
ANSWER:Violent opposition to the treaty by ultranationalists 极端民族主义者led to a civil war.

III.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words.(20 points，5 points for each)
61.the House of Commons下议院
The House of Commons is a part of Parliament,and its members are elected by universal adult suffrage.It consists of 651 Members of Parliament(MPs).It has the ultimate authority in making law.
下议院是议会的一部分,它的成员是由成人普选产生。它由651名议员组成。下议院()造法的最高权威

62.English feudal system英国封建制度
in this system,the King owned all the land personally,who gave his barons large estates in England in return for a promise of military service and a proportion of the land's produce.

63.the U.S. two-party system两党制
The two-party system means that the two major political parties--now the Democrats and the Republicans现在民主党和共和党--compete with eath other to dominate politics at the federal,state,and local levels.

64.the New Deal新合同
The program put forward by President Franklin D.Roosevelt in 1932 to deal with the Great Depression.Roosevelt made Congress pass a large number of New Deal acts and helped to set up many efficient social economical and financial systems.The New Deal did help overcome the most serious economic crisis of the capitalist system up to that time.
提出了总统富兰克林。D。罗斯福在1932年处理经济大萧条。罗斯福使得国会通过大量的新交易行为,帮助建立许多有效的社会经济和金融系统。这份新合同并帮助克服资本主义制度时期最严重的经济危机