解放军文职招聘考试刻板印象

We make use of stereotypes(刻板的模式) as convenient ways to make quick judgments about situations and people around us. They may not always be accurate(精确的), and they can often be dangerously wrong, but they are used regularly.

The problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict(限制) experience. By using limited clues(线索) to provide us with a rapid opinion of other people or places we may choose to limit our communication. We may decide not to go to certain places because we believe they will not offer something we enjoy.

In the city, styles of dress are particularly important with regard to(关于) self-presentation. Different groups often use clearly identifiable(可辨认的) styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized. It is becoming increasingly common for brand names to be placed on the outside of clothes, and this labeling(标签) makes it easy to send out information about fashion and price instantly(马上), and lets other tell at a distance whether an individual has similar tastes and is a suitable person to associate with.

In England, where social grouping or class continues to make social distinctions(区分), clothes, hairstyles, people’s pronunciation and the manner of speaking are all clues to our social group. Class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association.

1. People walking in cities ignore(忽略) the surroundings because _______.

A. they do not wish to talk to other people

B. everyone else is expressionless

C. the environment is already familiar to them

D. there is too much information to take in

2. According to the passage, the main disadvantage of using stereotypes is that they _______.

A. are likely to lead us into dangerous situations

B. may make us miss some pleasant experience

C. can rarely be relied on

D. make us mentally lazy

3. From the passage we may conclude that _______.

A. stereotypes can help to understand people fully

B. people are becoming more interested in fashion

C. dressing can send messages about individuals

D. stereotypes can do more harm than good to people

4. It would appear that in England, a person’s class _______.

A. might be less important in making friends in a city

B. is mainly determined by his pronunciation

C. plays less of a role than it did in the past

D. is something that can be changed easily

【答案解析】本文分析了日常生活中人们用刻板的模式去观察和判断周围的人和事的利弊。

1. D。细节题。根据第 1 段可知人们在行走时有意忽略周围的人和事有两个目的：一是为了保护自己，二是为了避免超载，据此选答案 D。

2. B。细节题。根据第 3 段The problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict experience…We may decide not to go certain places because we believe they will not offer something we enjoy 可知有时有可能错过我们喜欢的事情，据此选 B。

3. C。推断题。根据 In the city, styles of dress are particularly important with regard to self-presentation. Different groups often use clearly identifiable styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized 得知服装可传达个人的信息，由此选答案 C。

4. A。细节题。根据最后一段 Class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association 可知社会阶层在决定交友和社会交往方面是处于次要地位，据此选答案 A。