解放军文职招聘考试WTO

 The World Trade Organization (WTO), founded on January 1, 1995, aims to encourage international trade to flow as freely as possible, making sure that trade agreements are respected and that any disputes(争端) can be settled.

In the five years since its founding, the WTO has become well-known as one of the world’s most powerful economic organizations, taking its place alongside the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.

The system of global rules for international trade, however, dates back half a century to 1948 when the General Agreement on Tariffs(关税) and Trade(GATT) was formed after World War Ⅱ.

As time went by, it became clear that the GATT had two major drawbacks — the limited areas of trade it covered, and the lack of an effective system to settle disputes.

After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called Uruguay Round finally gave birth to the WTO, complete with an effective system to settle disputes, and new roles covering trade in services and intellectual property(知识产权).

Even after seven years of talks and 22, 500 pages of agreements there were still problems, especially the difficult-to-deal with areas of agriculture and services, which the member nations agreed to revise in 2000.

The WTO, with its head office in Geneva, has 135 members with 30 more waiting to join.

1. From the passage we know that the GATT stopped working _______.

A. soon after World WarⅡended

B. a little more than 50 years after world WarⅡ

C. Just in the year 1994

D. seven years before the Uruguay Round talk

　　2. Compared with the GATT, the WTO _______.

A. doesn’t pay enough attention to services and intellectual property

B. gets its members to sign the agreements more easily

C. has got too many areas of international trade to deal with to work effectively

D. can do better to settle disputes in more areas of international trade

　　3. In the new century, the WTO will_______.

A. take the place of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund

B. have more members and do much more to settle more problems

C. make complete new roles in every area of international trade

D. have new roles coveting trade in services and intellectual property

4. The underlined word “drawbacks” means _______.

A. changes B. weak points C. strong points D. improvements

【答案解析】本文阐述了世贸组织代替关贸总协定是时代的需要，同时说明了它任重而道远。

1. C。推断题。根据 After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called Uruguay Round finally gave birth to the WTO, …可知在 WTO 诞生的同时，GATT 也就即刻停止了运行，故选答案 C。

2. D。细节题。根据 After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called Uruguay Round finally gave birth to the WTO, complete with an effective system to settle dispute, and new roles covering trade in services and intellectual property 得知WTO在解决争端方面具有更有效的体系，并且覆盖了贸易服务及知识产权等更多的领域，由此可知 D 为正确答案。

3. B。细节题。根据 The WTO, …has 135 members with 30 more waiting to join 及 Even after seven years of talks and 22,500 pages of agreements there were still problems 可知成员国数量在增加，而且通过谈话和争取达成的协议来解决更多的问题，据此选B。

4. B。词义猜测题。…the GATT had tow major drawbacks—the limited areas of trade it covered, and the lack of an effective system to settle disputes 这句话的意思是：一是它所覆盖的领域有限；二是缺乏解决争端的有效体系。由此可知drawbacks意为不足之处，故选答案B。