解放军文职招聘考试人口增长类

 （1）1999年真题。Directions:

  Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.

  Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

  Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:

    1. Effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife

    2. Possible reason for the effect.

    3. Your suggestion for wildlife protection.

 

真题分析：

    本题为多年来考研作文短文题目中仅有的一道纯图表题目。图中只给出了一大一小两幅简单的线形图，要求考生分析两幅图之间的关系，总结出题目的主题和内涵。

    针对本题，我们所要做的第一步是仔细阅读图中的文字说明和数据，特别注意数据的变化趋势。但是，在文章中切忌简单罗列所有数据，不仅会使文章无端地增加长度，还会使考官无法抓住文章主题。对于数据的处理一般都是进行概括分析，仅举几个典型的数据为例来说明问题。

    第一幅线形图中，美国人口在1800年至1980年至短短200年之间增长了近250倍，而从1700年至1900年200年间美国的生物灭绝速度却增加了70倍。人口增长的速度和物种灭绝的速度正好成正比。由此可以推断，题目要求考生认清这两者之间的关系，认识到人口的增长和扩展严重威胁到了物种的生存，从而要求考生在文章中分析问题产生的原因，提出解决方案。

思路拓展：

    人口的失控增长是近几十年来全球的热点话题之一。人口的扩张不是一个简单的问题，而是涉及空间、资源控制、生态平衡、环境污染、经济发展、社会保障和福利等等一系列、全方位涉及到人类在地球上生存和发展的问题。当今世界上的许多疾病、矛盾、甚至是战争，都是由于人口爆炸而引起的。此外，人口问题还涉及到人口质量、身体健康、性别比例、人口增长与财富分配、老龄化等常见话题。考生可以在平时的新闻报道中找到足够的信息，而可以多找一些报纸杂志上的评论文章上阅读，为自己积累论点和论据等。

 

范文：

  Currently, there is a widespread concern about the previously neglected connection between growing human population and decreasing wild species. As the two graphs obviously portrayed, American population in 1980 was 250 times than that in 1800, a trend accompanied by the extinction of nearly 70 kinds of wildlife in the past 300 years. A clear correlation is suggested that mankind has exerted a tremendously negative influence on natural species.

  There are many factors responsible for the aforementioned tendency. First and foremost, to satisfy the space demand for the booming population, the only available solution for Americans is to take occupation of forests and grassland. that used to be habitat of wild animals and plants. Furthermore, the process of industrialization and urbanization has generated severe pollution that essentially destroys environment and ecosystem.

  In my point of view, the dearth of wildlife today forecasts an unpromising future for humans tomorrow. In order to eliminate species extinction, relevant laws and regulations must be established and enforced to maintain a large portion of unspoiled areas. Effective measures should also be applied to ensure that the impact of pollution be removed.

 

译文：

    近来人们开始普遍关注以前被忽略的人口增长和自然物种减少之间的关系。正如两幅图表显示，1980年的美国人口是1900年的250倍，同时在过去的300年间大约有70种野生生物在美国灭绝。这清楚地表明人类给自然物种带来了巨大的负面影响。

    以上趋势是由诸多原因造成的。首先，为了满足迅速增长的人口对于空间的需求，对于美国人来说最有效的解决办法就是占据森林、草原等其他动植物的天堂。此外，工业化和城市化的进程造成了严重的污染，在根本上摧毁了环境和生态系统。

    我认为，今天野生生物生命权的被剥夺预示着将来人类并不明朗的前景。为了减少物种灭绝，应该制定相关的法律法规、强制保护更多的地区保持其原始状态。应该采取有效的措施来减少污染的影响。

 

闪光词汇及词组：

exert an influence: 对……造成影响

booming: adj. 急速发展的

take occupation of: 占据，占有

generate: v. 产生，发生

ecosystem: n. 生态系统

dearth: n. 缺乏

unpromising: adj. 没有前途的，没有希望的

eliminate: v. 排除，消除

unspoiled: adj. 未损坏的，为开发的

 

万能句型：

Currently, there is a widespread concern about the previously neglected connection between…

As the two graphs obviously portray…

… is a trend accompanied by…

A clear correlation is suggested that…

There are many factors responsible for the aforementioned tendency.

First and foremost … Furthermore…

Effective measures should also be applied to ensure that…

 

(2) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:

 1) describe the drawing briefly,

 2) explain its intended meaning, and then

 3) state your point of view.

You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.

 

范文：

  Basically, what we see in this cartoon is a woman pushing six floors of baby cradles on an urban street against the background of two skyscrapers. The piled-up cradles interestingly echo the huge buildings with tens of floors: the cradles are occupied by babies while we can imagine those buildings are filled with crowds of adults.

  We can deduce from this picture that the artist is trying to attract our attention to the present exploding world population. The striking point is that while the population growth is almost out of control, the space for humans to live is increasingly circumscribed. As a result, owning a house, which was very ordinary centuries ago, becomes a luxury nowadays because only wealthy people can afford the rocketing price of land. In contrast, common households have to cram into small apartments inside large buildings that are alignned close to each other.

  The simple picture is a wake-up call for the whole human race. While we strive for better living standards, the overgrowing population tend offsets our efforts by demanding more living space and resources. Hence, mankind should cooperate worldwide to control population by effective measures, in order to secure the prosperity of our future on this planet.

 

译文：

    我们在这幅漫画中看到一个女人推着有六层婴儿摇篮的推车在一条城市的大街上走着，背景是两座摩天大楼。有趣的是，叠起来的摇篮与那些有着几十层楼的大厦相呼应，摇篮里面躺着许多婴儿，而同时我们可以想象大楼里面挤满了成年人。

    我们可以从画中推论作画者的意图在于使人们更加关注目前世界人口的爆炸性增长。其中令人注意的一点是，随着人口增长的失控，人类的生存空间也更加受到了限制。因此，虽然拥有一座房子在几个世纪以前是非常普遍的现象，但是现在由于地价昂贵，价格飞涨的房子变成了有钱人才买得起的奢侈品。相反，普通家庭挤进大楼的小套公寓中，这些大楼也都是一幢紧挨着另一幢。

    这幅简单的图画给人类敲响了警钟。虽然我们努力地提高生活水平，但是过度增长的人口对于空间和资源的需求却抵消了我们的努力。因此，人类应该进行全球范围内的合作，通过有效的措施来控制人口，从而保证我们在这个星球上的美好未来。

 

闪光词汇及词组：

cradle: n. 摇篮

skyscraper: n. 摩天大楼

piled-up: adj. 叠起来的

explode: v. 爆炸

circumscribe: v. 限制

luxury: n. 奢侈品

rocket: v. 飞速上升

household: n. 家庭

cram: v. 把...装满, 使充塞

living standard: 生活水平

offset: v. 抵消

secure: v. 保障，保护

prosperity: n. 繁荣

planet: n. 行星

 

万能句型：

Basically, what we see in this cartoon is…

We can deduce from this picture that the artist is trying to attract our attention to…

The simple picture is a wake-up call for the whole human race.

 

 

(3) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:

 1) describe the drawing briefly,

 2) explain its intended meaning, and then

 3) state your point of view.

You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.

 

人与自然

范文：

 The picture depicts a scene in which residents of Earth all try their best to obtain water from outer space. Crowds of people are crammed in the one window, stretching their hands outwards with bowls to catch one or two drops of rain. Further examination reveals that the window actually is dramatized as the window of Earth.

  Apparently, the picture symbolizes that humans, with such a huge population, may one day suffer from the exhaustion of resources. Take water for example. Water is indispensable. We find that the unbalanced distribution of the resource poses a difficult problem to the rapidly increasing human population as how to maximize the value of water. To make it worse, pollutions from industrial production transform many clean rivers into undrinkable water.

  If the tendendy of population boom and shortage of resources is not properly controlled, we have every reason to hold a pessimistic perspective towards human’s future on Earth. Perhaps eventually we would face the situation suggested by the picture, that is, relying on the limited resources from outer space. Accordingly, I strongly recommend that the whole globe launch aggressive programs to address this serious problem.

 

译文：

    这幅图描绘了地球上的居民们都努力要从外太空接水的场景。该图的艺术手法充满了反讽意味。人们挤在仅有的一个窗口，努力伸出手用碗来接到一两滴的水。通过进一步的观察我们可以发现这个窗户实际上是一个地球之窗。

    很显然这幅图象征了拥有如此庞大人口的人类可能有一天要受资源枯竭之苦。以水资源为例。水在人类日常生活中是不可缺少的。尽管淡水的总量十分丰富，我们发现水资源的分布不均给迅速增长的人口带来了如何最大化地利用水资源的难题。更糟的是，工业生产导致的污染使得许多清洁河流都变得不能饮用。

    如果人口增长和资源匮乏的矛盾得不到有效的控制，我们有理由对人类在地球上的前景持悲观态度。我们很可能最终要面临图中描绘的那种情况，即向外太空要资源。因此，我强烈地建议全球都要针对这个严重的问题采取积极的措施。

 

闪光词汇及词组：

suffer from: 忍受，遭受

indispensable: adj. 不可缺少的，不可避免的

unbalanced: adj. 不平衡的，不均衡的

maximize: v.  最大化

undrinkable: adj. 不能喝的，不能饮用的

shortage: n. 不足，缺乏

eventually: adv. 最后，终于

aggressive program: 积极的措施

 

万能句型：

The picture depicts a scene in which…

Further examination reveals that…

Apparently, the picture symbolizes that…

To make it worse…

If … we have every reason to hold a pessimistic perspective towards…

 

 

(4) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:

 1) describe the drawing briefly,

 2) explain its intended meaning, and then

 3) state your point of view.

You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.

 

无限吃有限——画世界人口盲目增长

 

范文：

  It is a very alarming cartoon, in which hundreds of new-born babies are crying for food but there are only two bowls of porridge available. The babies represent human population while the porridge symbolizes global resources, as indicated by the caption. The drawing aims to alarm us that resources on Earth are far from enough to sustain our exploding population.

  This message is very true. The 20^th century had not only witnessed a huge hike in population, but also the emergence of crises resulting from fighting for restricted resources. Take crude oil for example, it is so immensely consumed in daily life and industrial production that its role is fundamental in today’s global economic and political stage. People of different nations even initiate wars to obtain more oil fields, an activity which can be best exemplified by the complicated scenario in the Middle East. Other examples include more disputes over the sharing of water resources, as well as the lack of food and other necessities in most African countries.

  Indeed, a large population with limited resources casts a shadow on mankind’s future existence in this planet. Therefore, we must take positive steps with the strength of all human beings to hold back this grim tendency. Sustainable development needs a population with a reasonable exploitation of natural resources.

 

译文：

    这是一张很有警示性的漫画，其中成百上千个新生婴儿们嗷嗷待哺，但是供应他们的却只有两碗粥。很显然，这些婴儿代表了人口数量，而粥则象征了全球资源，正如图中的标题所提示的那样。这幅图意在给我们敲响警钟，即地球上的资源已经无法供应呈爆炸式增长的人口了。

    这里传递的信息是非常真实的。过去的20世纪不仅见证了人口数量的迅速增长，同时因为争夺有限资源而导致的危机也开始浮现。以石油为例，由于其在人们的日常生活和工业生产中的巨大消耗量，石油在当今的全球经济和政治舞台中扮演了重要角色。来自不同国家的人们为了争夺油田不惜开战，其最好的例子就是中东地区复杂的局势。其他的例子包括由于水资源导致的纷争，以及大多数非洲国家的食品和其他生活必需品的匮乏。

    实际上，巨大的人口和有限的资源之间的反差给人类将来在这个星球上的生存投上了阴影。因此，我们必须采取正面的措施、集中全人类的力量来阻止这种严峻趋势的发展。一个可持续的发展意味着合理的人口数量和对自然资源的合理开发。

 

闪光词汇及词组：

witness: v. 见证，证明

hike: n. 增加

restricted: adj. 有限的

stage: n. 舞台

exemplify: v. 例证，例示

scenario: n. 情形，局势

necessity: n. 必需品

dispute: n. 争论

cast a shadow: 投上阴影

grim: adj. 可怕的, 讨厌的

hold back: 阻止

sustainable development: 可持续发展

 

万能句型：

It is a very alarming picture, in which…

This message is very true.

The 20^th century had witnessed…

 

 

(5) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:

 1) describe the drawing briefly,

 2) explain its intended meaning, and then

 3) state your point of view.

You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.

范文：

  The cartoon features the sharp contrast between the students of the same elementary school in 1970 and 2000. In 1970, the school is named “Labor School” where most students were very skinny compared to one fat guy. But in 2000, the school’s name changed to “Doctor School” in which the majority of students were well-fed with round bodies.

  It is abundantly clear that the picture aims at criticizing obesity among today’s Chinese children. In the past, our society valued labor as the supreme virtue, and thus most people were content with hard work supported by ordinary food. However, recent accumulation of material wealth has led to changed values and individual enjoyment as the most important task. In particular, a generation of the “only child” has grown up with their desires greatly indulged. Parents provide them with feasts and comfortable facilities, while the children do not even have the chance to labor or exercise. All of these factors contribute to the drastic change in children’s weight in general.

  It is important to note that the improvement of population quality is one of the main tasks that China’s population policy addresses. In brief, tentative measures should be adopted to promote a healthy life style and outlook of value in the society, particularly among the next generation.

 

译文：

    这幅漫画刻画了在1970年和2000年同一所小学的两代学生之间的鲜明对比。在1970年，这个名为“劳动小学”的学校中，大部分学生都非常瘦，相比之下只有一个胖小子。但是在2000年，学校更名为“博士小学”，大多数学生都是胖胖的身材。

    很清楚这幅图意在批判在当今中国的孩子们中一种肥胖趋势。过去，我们的社会以劳动为最高的美德，因此人们满足于辛苦的劳动和简单的食物。但是，现在物质财富的积累改变了人们的价值取向，大家都把个人享受最为最重要的任务。特别是一代“独生子女”在成长过程中他们的各种欲望得到了极大的满足。父母们为他们提供了无数的盛宴和舒适的生活设施，孩子们根本没有机会劳动或者锻炼。所有的这些因素导致了孩子们体重普遍的上升。

    我们要注意到，改进人口质量是我国人口政策的一个重要任务之一。简单地说，要实施各种措施，在社会上、特别是在下一代孩子中发扬一种健康的生活方式和价值观。

 

闪光词汇及词组：

skinny: adj. 瘦的

well-fed: adj. 营养充足的，肥胖的

obesity: n. 肥胖

supreme: adj. 至高的，最高的

virtue: n. 美德，品德

accumulation: n. 积累

feast: n. 盛宴，宴席

drastic: adj. 巨大的，激烈的

tentative: adj. 暂定的，试行的

 

万能句型：

The cartoon features the sharp contrast between…

It is abundantly clear that the picture aims at…

It is important to note that…

 

 

(6) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:

 1) describe the drawing briefly,

 2) explain its intended meaning, and then

 3) state your point of view.

You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.

范文：

  As is depicted in the picture, compared to the situation in the past, nowadays the total wealth that mankind possesses conspicuously surpasses that of any time in history. What is more striking is that most of the wealth concentrates in the hands of a small bunch of people.

  It is quite obvious that the artist wishes to set us thinking about the disparity between the rich and the poor in today’s world. On the one hand, it is staggering for us to find in the annual list of the “World's Wealthiest People” by Forbes Magazine how the property of the rich keeps aggregating in an unbelievable scale. For instance, the fortune of Bill Gates certainly amounts to, or even exceeds, the annual GDP of an average developing country. On the other hand, the majority of humans have to struggle simply to make ends meet, not to mention those still suffer from hunger in the most less developed countries.

  It is beyond doubt that the gross discrepancy of wealth distribution, though being a problem long existing in human society, is now developing to an extreme which may cause chaos. Therefore, the whole world should take this problem into serious consideration. Only through a systematic reform to achieve a more equal society can we prevent the problem from deteriorating.

 

译文：

    正如图中描绘的那样，比起以前，现在人类拥有的总财富明显超过了历史上的任何一个时期。但是，更惊人的是我们的财富集中在了一群非常少的人们手中。

    很显然作图者意在唤起人们对于当今世界上不断拉大的贫富差距这一问题的思考。一方面，通过福布斯杂志每年公布的世界富豪榜中，我们惊奇地发现富人们聚集财富的速度和规模令人难以置信。例如，比尔.盖茨的财产必然相当于甚至是超过了一个一般发展中国家的年均国内生产总值。另一方面，大部分人都苦苦地为了家里的收支平衡而奋斗，更不用说在那些最穷的国家中人们还在忍饥挨饿。

    毫无疑问，尽管财富分配不均是人类历史上一个长久的问题，但是现在这种差距正在向极端方向发展，并可能导致根本性的混乱。因此，全世界都应该严肃地思考这个问题。我们只有通过改革来建设一个更加公平的社会，才能够防止这个问题的进一步恶化。

 

闪光词汇及词组：

surpass: v. 超过，超越，胜过

disparity: n. 不一致，不同，不等

staggering: adj. 惊人的

Forbes Magazine: 福布斯杂志

property: n. 财产

aggregate: v. 聚集，合计

amount to: 达到

exceed: v. 超过

make ends meet: 收支相抵

not to mention: 更不用说

discrepancy: n. 相差，差异，矛盾

chaos: n. 混乱

 

万能句型：

What is more striking is that…

It is quite obvious that the artiest wishes to set us thinking about…

It is beyond doubt that…

 

 

(7) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:

 1) describe the drawing briefly,

 2) explain its intended meaning, and then

 3) state your point of view.

You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.

 

范文：

  The cartoon reveals an astonishing scenario in which hundreds of old people are chasing a small bag tagged “retirement fund”. The artist tactically drew these humans’ heads as bowls, indicating that their retirement life completely depends on this fund. On the other hand, the shrinking bag with a worried face betrays its inability to meet the enormous demand.

  As our society turns gradually towards population aging, a series of severe problems about the retirement fund system emerge owing to the expanding scale of the old. A recent report released by the central government shows that in most of the provinces in China, retirement fund fails to make ends meet—the expenditure always overweighs the income. Moreover, the disparity is becoming larger, which results in the lack of adequate fund and the unbalanced structure of the retirement fund system. More importantly, the current legal mechanism of social insurance is not strong enough to tackle with relevant problems.

  I strongly maintain that the task of supporting the old is of great significance to a stable and healthy society. Government should launch a fundamental reform of the retirement fund by promulgating regulations and measures so as to guarantee the system’s efficiency. 

译文：

    这幅漫画展现了一个惊人的场景，成百上千的老人们正在追赶一个贴着“养老保险金”的小袋子。作画者别出心裁地将人的头都画成碗的样子，说明了老人们的退休生活完全依靠养老保险金。另一方面，这个不断在缩小的袋子一脸的不高兴，因为他无法满足如此巨大的需求。

    随着我们的社会逐渐趋向老龄化，老年人口的大幅度增长导致了一系列的设计养老保险金制度的问题。一份中央政府最近公布的报道显示，在中国的大部分省份，养老保险金都无法保持收支平衡——支出往往大于收入。这种缺口正在变得越来越大，导致了养老保险金制度中出现资金缺乏和结构不平衡的问题。更重要的是，现有的社会保险法律机制仍然不完善，无法解决相关的一些问题。

    我认为赡养老人的任务对于一个稳定和健康的社会有着重要的意义。政府应该对养老保险金进行根本性的改革，颁布一系列法律法规来保障该体系的效率。这对于建设和谐社会的进程也使不可缺少的。

 

闪光词汇及词组：

astonishing: adj. 令人惊讶的

chase: v. 追赶

tag: v. 加标签于……

tactically: adv. 有策略地

shrink: v. 收缩，紧缩

betray: v. 泄漏，露出……的迹象

inability: n. 无能，无力

population aging: 人口老龄化

make ends meet: 收支平衡

expenditure: n. 支出

overweigh: v. 超过

disparity: n. 不一致，不等

mechanism: n. 机制

promulgate: v. 颁布，发布，公布

 

万能句型：

The cartoon reveals an astonishing scenario in which…

I strongly maintain that…

Government should launch a fundamental reform of … by promulgating regulations and measures so as to guarantee the system’s efficiency.

 

 

(8) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:

 1) describe the drawing briefly,

 2) explain its intended meaning, and then

 3) state your point of view.

You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.

 

范文：

  The picture presents an interesting scenario occurring in a kindergarten. Little kids are playing on a teeterboard, on the two sides of which sit three boys opposite just one girl. The teacher, who stands beside, cannot help commenting that the situation would worsen when the children grow up.

  The cartoon vividly reflects a serious problem in the composition of China’s population, that is, the number of males outweighs that of females. Such a gap owes principally to a deep-rooted concept in the majority of the Chinese people’s mind that only boys can continue the family bloodline as well as inheriting family honor and property. This is particularly thought in rural areas, thus creating a huge stimulus for residents to give birth to boys through all possible means. Despite the strict implementation of China’s family planning policy, some households never give up the efforts of expecting a boy even if they already have several daughters. Punishment and penalty fail to weaken the strong belief.

  The general favor toward the male leads to gender imbalance. It contributes to a series of social problems, especially increasing the male’s difficulty when finding a spouse.

译文：

    这幅图描绘了在幼儿园发生的一个有趣场景。几个小孩子在玩跷跷板，一边是三个男孩、而另一边是一个女孩。站在旁边的老师不禁评论道这种失衡的性别比问题在孩子们长大以后就更明显了。

    这幅图生动地反映了中国人口组成的一个严重问题，即男性的人数大大超过了女性的人数。这种差距主要是源于中国大多数人的一种根深蒂固的关键，也就是男性能够继承家庭的血统、荣誉和财产。这种现象在农村尤其显著，因此人们有很大的动力通过任何可能的方式生男孩。尽管中国严格实施了计划生育政策，一些家庭尽管已经有了几个女儿、却仍然不放弃生男孩的努力。惩罚和罚款都不能削弱他们的坚强信念。

    因此，对于男性的普遍偏爱导致了性别失衡。这进一步引起了一系列社会问题，

 

闪光词汇及词组：

teeterboard: n. 跷跷板

comment: v. 评论

worsen: v. 使……恶化

outweigh: v. 超过

principal: adj. 主要的

stimulus: n. 刺激，促进因素

household: n. 家庭，家族

penalty: n. 处罚，罚款

spouse: n. 配偶

input: v. 输入，投入

manpower: n. 人力

curb: v. 控制，约束

 

万能句型：

The picture presents an interesting scenario occurring in…

The cartoon vividly reflects a serious problem…

This is particularly thought…

It contributes to…