2007年一级建造师公路工程考试真题及答案

Manipulator is now used as a industria l robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industria l automation. Industria l automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in indus trial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other indus tries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, hig h radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the sta ff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programma ble logic controller) is in various special circumsta nces and under special conditions set for mecha nical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware softwa re and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and indus try has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting la rge areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the internationa l. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of cons olidation, unders tand has some usua lly didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of des ign in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroa d of resea rch profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of indus trial automation and shine, gradua lly became an industria l evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent mos t of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator pos ition control systems main features, although not back several generations tha t can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sens ors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mecha nical arm is to use the program as a bas is. Difference is that the robot begand 2007 年一级建造师公路工程考试真题及答案 一、单项选择题（共 20 题，每题 1 分。每题的备选项中，只有 1 个最符合题意） 1．下列各类挡土墙，属于柔性结构物的是（ ）。 A．加筋土挡土墙 B．衡重式挡土墙 C．壁板式锚杆挡土墙 D．重力式挡土墙 2．可用于各级公路基层和底基层的粒料材料是（ ）。 A．天然砂砾 B．级配碎石 C．泥结碎石 D．填隙碎石 3．使用振动压路机碾压沥青玛蹄脂碎石 SMA 混合料时，宜采用的振动方法是（ ）。 A．低频率、低振幅 B．高频率、高振幅 C．低频率、高振幅 D．高频率、低振幅 4．路面基层在整个路面中的主要作用是（ ）。 A．隔水 B．承重 C．防冻 D．降噪 5．桥梁按结构体系划分，有梁式桥、拱桥、悬索桥和（ ）四种基本体系。 A．斜拉桥 B．刚架桥 C．连续刚构桥 D．梁、拱组合体系桥 6．某高速公路有一座单跨拱桥，其净跨径为 l0，计算跨径为 l，净矢高为 f0，计算矢高为 f，则该拱桥的矢跨 比为（ ）。 A．f0/l0 B．f0/l C．f/l0 D．f/l 7．公路桥涵设计采用的偶然作用包括地震作用、船舶或漂流物的撞击作用和（ ）。 A．温度变化作用 B．基础变位作用 C．汽车撞击作用 D．混凝土收缩及徐变作用 8．采用新奥法施工的隧道，其开挖方法一般为（ ）。 A．钻爆法 B．沉管法 C．盾构法 D．盖挖法 9．根据公路工程施工企业资质类别划分要求，桥梁工程专业承包企业资质划分为 （ ）。 A．一级、二级 B．一级、二级、三级 C．特级、一级、二级 D．特级、一级、二级、三级 10．交通标线是由标划于路面上的各种线条、箭头、文字、立面标记和（ ）等构成的。 A．分合流标志 B．线形诱导标 C．突起路标 D．轮廓标 11．高速公路收费系统能够完成收费站、路段分中心、省结算中心之间收费业务数据、（ ）、时钟等的通 信。 A．紧急电话 B．视频会议 C．费率 D．办公信息 12．某段道路工程施工，路基填方高度 20m，根据进度计划安排，要求路基回填完成自然沉降半年后，再进 行路面施工，则路基填筑与路面施工之间的进度计划搭接关系是（ ）。 A．开始到开始 B．开始到结束 C．结束到开始 D．结束到结束 13．滑坡体土方的正确开挖方法是（ ）。 A．从滑坡体中部向两侧自上而下进行 B．从滑坡体两侧向中部自下而上进行 C．从滑坡体两侧向中部自上而下进行 D．从滑坡体两侧向中部全面拉槽开挖 14．公路施工规范规定路基弯沉测试的标准方法是（ ）。 A．环刀法 B．自动弯沉仪法 C．落锤弯沉仪法 D．贝克曼法 15．公路工程的间接费是由企业管理费和（ ）两项组成的。 A．预留费 B．建设单位管理费 C．财务费 D．现场经费 16．对于可调价的公路工程合同，在截止投标日之前的（ ）天以后的法律法规变更引起的费用增减，合同 价可相应调整。 A．7 B．14 C．28 D．30 17．在下列试验项目中，属于标准试验的是（ ）。 A．砂的性能试验 B．混合料的配合比试验 C．沥青混凝土试验路段试验 D．预制构件的验证试验 18．按《公路工程质量检验评定标准》的要求，项目在竣工验收时综合评价为优良的必要条件是（ ）。 A．质量评定大于等于 90 分 B．项目法人工作评价大于等于 90 分 C．施工单位工作评价大于等于 90 分 D．监理工作评价大于等于 90 分 Manipulator is now used as a industria l robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industria l automation. Industria l automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in indus trial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other indus tries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, hig h radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the sta ff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programma ble logic controller) is in various special circumsta nces and under special conditions set for mecha nical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware softwa re and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and indus try has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting la rge areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the internationa l. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of cons olidation, unders tand has some usua lly didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of des ign in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroa d of resea rch profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of indus trial automation and shine, gradua lly became an industria l evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent mos t of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator pos ition control systems main features, although not back several generations tha t can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sens ors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mecha nical arm is to use the program as a bas is. Difference is that the robot begand 19．公路工程中，配备最普遍的技术工人是测量工和（ ）。 A．钢筋工 B．术工 C．实验工 D．混凝土工 20．按照《公路建设市场管理办法》的规定，允许分包的工程范围应当在招标文件中规定，分包工程的工程量 不得超过总工程量的（ ）。 A．50％ B．40％ C．30％ D．20％ 二、多项选择题（共 10 题，每题 2 分。每题的备选项中，有 2 个或 2 个以上符合题意，至少有 1 个错项。错 选，本题不得分．少选，所选的每个选项得 0.5 分） 21．用于公路路基的土质填料，应通过取样试验确定填料的（ ）。 A．最小强度 B．级配 C．抗弯拉强度 D．最大粒径 E．最大 CBR 值 22．马歇尔试验的技术指标包括（ ）。 A．空隙率 B．稳定度 C．流值 D．沥青饱和度 E．破碎比 23．悬臂浇筑法施工刚构桥的挂篮由悬吊系统、行走系统和（ ）组成。 A．满堂支架 B．拱架 C．主桁架 D．工作平台底模架 E．锚固系与平衡重 24．一条高速公路的收费系统按其基本功能可分为计算机系统、电源系统、（ ）等。 A．视频监视系统 B．地理信息系统 C．内部对讲系统 D．信息发布系统 E．安全报警系统 25．在施工组织设计的基本内容中，主要用于指导准备工作的进行并为施工创造物质技术条件的项目有（ ）。 A．总说明 B．施工方案 C．施工进度计划 D．施工现场平面布置 E．各种资源需要量及其供 应 26．下列关于隧道施工的安全要点的说法，正确的有（ ）。 A．爆破后，通风排烟 15 分钟人员方可进场 B．机械凿岩时，必须采用干式凿岩机 C．在隧道内熬制沥青时要注意通风 D．爆破员实行“一爆三检”制度 E．洞内运输，车速不得超过 10km／h 27．公路工程的直接工程费是指（ ）之和。 A．施工技术装备费 B．现场经费 C．直接费 D．税金 E．其他直接费 28．工程量清单汇总表中的项目包括（ ）。 A．投标总价 B．暂定金额 C．计日工合计 D．施工措施费合计 E．100 章至 700 章合计 29．专用架桥机可按（ ）的不同进行分类。 A．移梁方式 B．吊装力式 C．导梁形式 D．缆索形式 E．送梁方式 30．产生无机结合料基层裂缝的原因可能有（ ）。 A．集料级配中细料偏少 B．碾压时含水量偏大 C．成型温度较低，强度形成较慢 D．碎石中含泥量较高 E．路基发生不均匀沉降 三、案例分析题 1 共 5 题，（一）、（二）、（三）题各 20 分，（四）、（五）题各 30 分） （一） 背景资料：某高速公路 M 合同段（K17+300～K27+300），主要为路基土石方工程，本地区岩层构成为泥 岩、砂岩互层，抗压强度 20Mpa 左右，地表土覆盖层较薄。在招标文件中，工程量清单列有挖方 m3 （土石比例 为 6：4），填方 m3，填方路段填料由挖方路段调运，考虑到部份工程量无法准确确定，因此采用单价合同，由监 理工程师与承包人共同计量，土石开挖综合单价为 16 元／m3.施工过程部分事件摘要如下： 事件 1：施工单位开挖路基后，发现挖方土石比例与设计文件出入较大，施工单位以书面形式提出设计变更， 后经业主、监理、设计与施工单位现场勘察、洽商，设计单位将土石比例调整为 3.4：6.6，变更后的士石方开挖综 合单价调整为 19 元/m3.经测算，变更后的项目总价未超过初步设计批准的概算。 事件 2：在填筑路堤时，施工单位采用土石混合分层铺筑，局部路段因地形复杂而采用竖向填筑法施工，并用 平地机整平每一层，最大层厚 40cm，填至接近路床底面标高时，改用土方填筑。 事件 3：该路堤施工中，严格质量检验，实测了压实度、弯沉值、纵断高程、中线偏位、宽度、横坡、边坡。 问题：1.《公路工程设计变更管理办法》将设计变更分为哪几种？事件 1 中的设计变更属于哪一种？说明理由。 2.指出事件 2 中施工方法存在的问题，并提出正确的施工方法。 3.指出事件 3 中路堤质量检验实测项目哪个不正确？还需补充哪个实测项目？ Manipulator is now used as a industria l robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industria l automation. Industria l automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in indus trial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other indus tries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, hig h radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the sta ff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programma ble logic controller) is in various special circumsta nces and under special conditions set for mecha nical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware softwa re and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and indus try has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting la rge areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the internationa l. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of cons olidation, unders tand has some usua lly didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of des ign in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroa d of resea rch profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of indus trial automation and shine, gradua lly became an industria l evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent mos t of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator pos ition control systems main features, although not back several generations tha t can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sens ors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mecha nical arm is to use the program as a bas is. Difference is that the robot begand 4.针对该路段选择的填料，在填筑时，对石块的最大粒径应有何要求？ （二） 背景资料：某高速公路特大桥为变截面预应力混凝土连续刚构桥，其桥跨布 置为 70m+4×120m+70m.主梁 采用箱形截面，墩身为空心墩，墩高 50～75m.桥墩采用群桩基础，平均桩长约 60m（见示意图）。 施工单位为本桥配置了以下主要施工机械和设备：反循环钻机、混凝土高压泵、混凝土搅拌站、塔吊、载人电 梯、悬臂式掘进机、架桥机、预应力张拉成套设备、爬模设备、钢模板、钢护筒、挂篮设备。 3#桥墩在施工到 40m 高度时，作业人员为了方便施工，自己拆除了部分安全防护设施。另有作业人员携带加 工好的部分箍筋乘电梯到墩顶施工。 问题： 1.按高处作业的分级要求，该桥 2#桥墩施工属于哪一级？患有哪些疾病的人员不适合在本桥墩作业？该桥墩 的作业人员应配备哪些个人安全防护设施？ 2.指出 3#墩作业人员的错误做法。 3.根据示意图，说明施工单位配备的施工机械和设备分别用于本桥哪些部位的施工？哪些设备不适用于本桥施 工？ 4.本桥变截面箱梁宜采用什么方法施工？本桥承台属于高桩承台还是低桩承台？ （三） 背景资料：某施工单位中标承担了某路段高速公路收费系统的施工，该路段设计车速为 100km／h，有 8 处互 通立交，其中 2 处互通立交连接其它高速公路，其余 6 处连接地方道路。全线设一个监控、通信、收费分中心， 6 个收费站，采用封闭式半自动收费方式，并且纳入全省高速公路联网收费。 收费车道计算机系统具有按车道操作流程正确工作、对车道设备的管理与控制、设备状态自检并将故障信号实 时上传等功能。设计文件要求货车不称重而按载重吨位分型收费，但是在招标文件中要求收费应用软件应满足货车 计重收费的需要。签订合同 10 天后，业主正式书面告知施工单位，本路段要增加货车计重收费系统，并且提供了 原设计单位收费系统变更的相应图纸和说明，其涉及的变更未超过批准的建设规模。业主请施工单位组织实施。 问题： 1.施工企业应具备何种企业资质才能承担该收费系统的施工任务？ 2.收费车道计算机系统除背景资料中提及的功能外，还有哪些功能？ 3.说明本工程新增货车计重收费系统的变更依据和变更确认过程。 4.项目变更为采用货车计重收费方式时，出口车道应增加哪些设备？ （四） 背景资料：某施工企业承包了一段 36.8km 的四车道高速公路沥青混凝土路面工程，路面单幅宽 11.25m.路 面结构型式为：基层为两层 18cm 的石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石，底基层为一层 18cm 的石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石；沥青混 凝土面层为 7cm 的下面层，6cm 的中面层和 5cm 的 SMA 表面层；桥上只铺 5cm 的 SMA 表面层，随道内为水泥 混凝十路面。 项目经理部人员进场后，完成了经理部的建设和设备的进场工作。施工平面布置示意图如下。 Manipulator is now used as a industria l robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industria l automation. Industria l automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in indus trial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other indus tries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, hig h radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the sta ff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programma ble logic controller) is in various special circumsta nces and under special conditions set for mecha nical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware softwa re and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and indus try has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting la rge areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the internationa l. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of cons olidation, unders tand has some usua lly didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of des ign in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroa d of resea rch profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of indus trial automation and shine, gradua lly became an industria l evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent mos t of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator pos ition control systems main features, although not back several generations tha t can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sens ors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mecha nical arm is to use the program as a bas is. Difference is that the robot begand 合同规定沥青材料由业主提供，地方材料由施工单位自采。材料管理人员在查看过料场、进行了价格比选后， 就开始进料。 项目经理部按照各项要求，在完成了一系列的准备工作后，开始施工石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石底基层。施工中，施 工人员发现其中一段 800m 长的底基层出现了大量裂缝和破损，经检查是由于路基质量差所致，路面施工单位拟向 路基施工单位提出索赔。 问题： 1.项目部需要采购哪几大类地材，项目部材料采购程序存在什么问题？ 2.指出石灰类材料质量检验中的两大主要指标。 3.上述平面布置方式对稳定料的场内运输费有什么影响？说明理由。 4.施工中，工地实验室对石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石应检测哪两项指标？并说明其合格值。 5.由于路基交工推迟，给沥青混凝土路面施工的时间仅有 140d.请通过计算（要求列出计算过程），从生产能 力为 160t／h、240t／h 和 320t／h 的沥青搅拌站中选择出满足工期要求的合理设备。（已知：沥青混凝土的容 重取为 24t／m3，搅拌站每天有效工作时间按 8 小时计算。） 6.路面施工单位的索赔对象是否恰当？说明理由。 （五） 背景资料：某施工单位承接了一 4×20m 简支粱桥工程。桥梁采用扩大基础，墩身平均高 10m.项目为单价合 同，且全部钢筋由业主提供，其余材料由施工单位自采或自购。 在离本工程不远的江边有丰富的砂源，经检验，砂的质量符合要求。采砂点位于一跨江大桥下游 150mm 处，施 工用砂均取自这里。项目部拟就 14～34 排架组织流水施工，各段流水节拍见下表： 段落 流水节拍（天） 工序 1#排架 2#排架 3#排架 扩大基础施工（A） 10 12 15 墩身施工（B） 15 20 15 盖梁施工（C） 10 10 10 （注：表中排架由基础、墩身和盖梁三部分组成） 根据施工组织和技术要求，基础施工完成后至少 10 天才能施工墩身。 施工期间，还发生了如下事件： 事件 1：由于业主大型安装设备的进场，业主委托承包商对一旧桥进行加固。加固工程中的施工项目在原合同 中有相同项目，承包人要求直接采用相关单价来处理加固费用。 事件 2：在桥梁基础开挖完成后，施工项目负责人组织施工人员、质检人员对槽基几何尺寸和标高这两项隐蔽 工程进行了检查和验收，随即进入下一道工序。 事件 3：施工单位准备开始墩身施工时，由于供应商的失误，将一批不合格的钢筋运到施工现场，致使墩身施 工推迟了 10 天开始，承包商拟就此向业主提出工期和费用索赔。 问题： 1.计算排架施工的流水工期（列出计算过程），并绘制流水横道图。 2.事件 1 中，承包人的要求是否合理？说明理由。 3.事件 2 中，隐蔽工程的检查验收项目是否完善？说明理由。并指出检查方式的错误之处。 4.针对事件 3，承包商是否可以提出工期和费用索赔？说明理由。 5.指出背景资料中施工单位存在的违法行为，以及违反了哪部法律或法规？按有关规定应如何处理？ Manipulator is now used as a industria l robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industria l automation. Industria l automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in indus trial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other indus tries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, hig h radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the sta ff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programma ble logic controller) is in various special circumsta nces and under special conditions set for mecha nical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware softwa re and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and indus try has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting la rge areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the internationa l. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of cons olidation, unders tand has some usua lly didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of des ign in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroa d of resea rch profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of indus trial automation and shine, gradua lly became an industria l evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent mos t of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator pos ition control systems main features, although not back several generations tha t can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sens ors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mecha nical arm is to use the program as a bas is. Difference is that the robot begand 试卷答案 一、1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.C 11.C 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.C 二、21.AD 22.ABCD 23.CDE 24.ACE 25.DE 26.ADE 27.BCE 28.ABCE 29.ACE 30.BDE 三、案例分析题（共 5 题，（一）、（二）、（三）题各 20 分，（四）、（五）题各 30 分） （一） 1.（1）公路工程设计变更分为重大设计变更、较大设计变更和一般设计变更。（3 分） （2）属于较大设计变更。（1 分）因为单项变更金额达到 720 万元（×（19-16）=元），超过 500 万元的 规定。（2 分） 2.（1）不应采用平地机整平。（2 分）因含石量为 66％，整平应采用大型推土机辅以人工进行。（2 分） （2）不应采用竖向填筑法。（2 分）土石路堤只能采用分层填筑，分层压实。（2 分） 3.不应该实测弯沉法。（2 分）还应实测平整度。（2 分） 4.土石混合料中石料强度大于 20Mpa 时，石块的最大粒径不得超过压实层厚的 2／3，超过的石料应清除或打 碎。（2 分） （二） 1.（1）属于高处作业特级。（2 分） （2）高血压、心脏病、精神病、恐高症、癫痫病、严重贫血痛、严重关节炎等。（每条 1 分，最多 3 分） （3）系安全带、戴安全帽、穿软底鞋（3 分） 2.高处作业时，如因工作需要对安全防护设施部分移位、部分进行拆除时必须征得项目负责人的同意。（ 2 分）不允许载人电梯搭载货物。（1 分） 3.桩基础：反循环钻机，钢护筒承台、低墩：钢模板高墩；塔吊，电梯、爬模设备上部构造：挂篮设备、预应 力张拉设备全桥：混凝土输送泵、混凝土搅拌站（3 分） 不适用于本桥的：悬臂式掘进机、架桥机（2 分） 4.宜用悬臂浇筑法（挂篮法）施工。（2 分）属于低桩承台。（2 分） （三） 1.应具备通信、监控、收费综合系统工程分项承包或收费系统工程分项承包资质。（4 分） 2.收费车道计算机系统的功能还有： （1）将收费原始数据上传收费站（计算机系统）； （2）接收收费站下传的收费运行参数（费率表、黑白名单、同步时钟、免费车、系统设置参数等）; （3）可保存一定时间段收费原始数据，但不丢失数据； （4）通信中断时具有独立工作能力，可降级伸用; （5）为车辆提供控制及收费信息; （6）将各种违章报警信号实时上传给收费站。（每条 1 分，最多 5 分） 3.变更依据： （1）工程变更对项目目标的影响；（2 分） （2）有关合同条款、会议和通信记录。（2 分） 确认过程： （1）首先应由一方提出工程变更；（1 分） （2）初步确定处理变更所需的费用、时间范围和质量要求；（1 分） （3）双方协商一致签署补充协议后确认变更。（1 分） 4.出口车道轴（称）重检测系统要增设：称重仪、轮胎识别器、红外线车辆分离器、称重数据（采集）处理器 。 （每条 1 分，共 4 分） （四） 1.需采购：石灰、粉煤灰、碎石、砂和矿粉五种。（ 5 分）材料采购中应取样试验，产品合格后才能采购。 （3 分） 2.石灰类材料主要需检验：有效钙和氧化镁的含量。（2 分）