2019年6月英语四级语法用法辨析：介词with用法

　　with是一个十分有用的介词，其用法也比较复杂，以下用法值得注意：

　　1. 表示方式、手段或工具等时(=以，用)，注意不要受汉语意思的影响而用错搭配，如“用英语”习惯上用in English，而不是with English。

　　2. 与某些抽象名词连用时，其作用相当于一个副词。如：

　　with care=carefully 认真地

　　with kindness=kindly 亲切地

　　with joy=joyfully 高兴地

　　with anger=angrily 生气地

　　with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲伤地

　　with ease=easily 容易地

　　with delight=delightedly 高兴地

　　with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地

　　3. 表示条件时，根据情况可与虚拟语气连用。如：

　　With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是钱多一点，我就买得起了。

　　With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是设备好些，我们完成这项工作还要快些。

　　4. 比较with和as：两者均可表示“随着”，但前者是介词，后接名词或代词;后者是连词，用于引导一个句子。比较：

　　He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长，他会进步的。

　　People's ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了，人们的观念也会变化。

　　5. 复合结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”是一个很有用的结构，它在句中主要用作状语，表示伴随、原因、时间、条件、方式等;其中的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等。如：

　　(1) with+宾语+形容词

　　He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常开着窗睡觉。

　　Don't speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。

　　(2) with+宾语+ 副词

　　He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头 站在老师面前。

　　He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣 躺在床上。

　　(3) with +宾语+ 介词短语

　　She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着眼泪说了声再见。

　　The man was asleep with his head on his arms. 这个人头枕着胳膊睡着了。

　　(4) with+宾语+现在分词

　　He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。

　　I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈有病, 我无法去度假。

　　(5) with +宾语+ 过去分词

　　He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。

　　All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。

　　(6) with +宾语+ 动词不定式

　　I can't go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服, 我无法出去了。

　　With such good cadres to carry out the Party's policy we feel safe. 有这样的好干部执行党的政策, 我们感到放心。

　　(7) with +宾语+ 名词

　　He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世时，女儿还是个小学生。