2018年成人学位英语考试词汇语法练习题精选(一)

 词汇和语法

1.It is obvious that this new rule is applicable to everyone without _____.

A.exception

B.exclusion

C.modification

D.substitution

答案：A

[译文] 很明显，这条规定适用于任何人，没有例外。

[解析] Without exception为固定搭配，表示“毫无例外，无一例外”。Exclusion表示“排除，排外”;modification的意思是“更改，修正”;substitution表示“替代”。

2.Last night he saw two dark _____ enter the building, and then there was the explosion.

A.features

B.figures

C.sketches

D.images

答案：B

[译文] 昨天晚上他看见两个黑影进了大楼，然后就发生了爆炸。

[解析] Feature 表示“特征，特点”;sketch的意思是“素描，梗概，草图”;image表示“形象”;而figure表示“外形，轮廓，体型”，符合上下文。

3.Faced with rapid inflation and _____ international and home markets, many firms have declared bankrupt.

A. lessening

B. shortening

C. shrinking

D. withdrawing

答案：C.。考查近义动词的语义辨析。各选项的意思及用法分别是：选项A.lessening减少，减轻，侧重指程度、重要性等的减轻。如：The defeat lessened our chances of winning the championship.此次失败使我们夺冠的希望变得更加渺茫。lessen the burden of减轻负担;选项B.shortening缩短，变短，如The days are beginning to shorten.天开始变短了。shorten the gap between缩小……之间的差距;选项C.shrinking使收缩，缩小，减少，侧重指尺寸、大小等的变小。如：The number of students attending the lecture has shrunk.听讲座的学生人数减少了。Will this soap shrink woolen clothes?这种肥皂会使羊毛衣服缩水吗?选项D. withdrawing收回，撤退，撤销，如：After awhile, he withdrew his proposal.过了一会儿，他撤回了他的提议。根据题意可判断出选项C.应为正确答案。全句意思是“面对通货膨胀和日益缩小的国际国内市场，许多公司都已宜布破产”。

4.We'd better eliminate junk foods from our kitchen and keep a variety of high-quality foods _____ at all times.

A. available

B. desirable

C. enormous

D. numerous

答案：A.。考查形容词语义环境。四个选项的意思分别是：选项A.available现成可使用的，在手边的，可利用的;选项B.desirable称心如意的，值得有的，如I envy Jane because her job is so desirable.我很羡慕简，因为她有一份很称心的工作。选项C.enormous巨大的，极大的，庞大的;选项D.numerous许多的，很多的，如：This is a conclusion he has drawn from numerous facts.这是他从很多事实当中得出的结论。根据题干可判断出选项A.应为正确答案。全句的意思为“我们应清除厨房里的垃圾食品，而使各种高质量的食物随手可及”。

5.The purpose of your resume is to _____ enough interest in you to have an employer contact you for an interview.

A. assemble

B. generate

C. yield

D. gather

答案：B.。考查动词的语义辨析。各选项的意思分别是：选项A.assemble意为“集合，聚集，召集;装配”，如：The whole school assembled in the main hall.全校学生在大礼堂集合。Before you assemble the model plane, read the instructions.在你组装模型飞机前，先读说明书。选项B.generate意为“生成，产生(光、热、电等.;引起(兴趣等.”，如：News of the Queen's visit is generating a lot of excitement.女皇来访的消息使大家感到非常兴奋。选项C.yield意为“生产，产生(利润、回报等.;投降，屈服”，如：His business yields big profits.他的生意利润丰厚。选项D.gather意为“聚集，集合;收集，采集”，如：Many people gathered in the town square.很多人聚集在市政广场。该题需注意选项B.和选项C.在搭配上的区别。根据题意，选项B.应为正确答案。全句意思为是“简历就是要充分引起雇主对你的兴趣，并达到进一步联系面试的目的”。

6.Some concepts may be difficult to grasp chiefly because they may be unfamiliar or _____ ideas, opinions which we already hold.

A. in accordance with

B. in conflict with

C. in favor of

D. in response to

答案：B.。考查介词短语的语义。四个选项的意思分别是：选项A.in accordance with依照，根据;选项B.in conflict with与……相冲突;选项C.in favor of支持，赞同;选项D.in response to作为对……的反应。根据题意可判断出选项B.为正确答案。全句的意思为“一些观念很难让人领会主要是因为我们对其不熟悉或者是因为与我们原有的观点相矛盾”。

7.The city government has determined to get _____ with people who try to escape paying taxes.

A. rough

B. tough

C. rigid

D. bold

答案：B.。考查形容词语义及搭配。能与介词with搭配的只有选项B.tough，get tough with/on sb.意为“对……采取坚决态度;对……采用强硬手段”。其余选项的意思分别是：选项A.rough意为“粗糙的;粗野的，粗暴的;粗略的，大致的”;选项C.rigid(行为观点等.严格的，死板的，不易改变的;选项D.bold意为“勇敢的，无畏的;冒失的，鲁莽的”。全句的意思是“政府部门决心采取强硬手段来惩治偷税人员”。

8.Human beings are superior to animals _____ they can use language as a tool to communicate.

A. for which

B. in which

C. in that

D. for that

答案：C

详解：答案为C。in that表示“因为，既然”.

9.Do you know the name of that _____ insect?

A. funny, little, red, mosquito-like

B. little, funny, mosquito-like, red

C. red, little, funny, mosquito-like

D. mosquito-like, red, little, funny

答案：A

详解：答案为A。本题考核修饰语的排列顺序：限定词—数词—一般描绘性形容词—表示大小、形状的形容词—表示年龄、新旧的形容词—表示色彩的形容词—表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词—表示物质、材料的形容词—表示用途、类别的形容词—被修饰名词。了解个大概顺序，如果记不得，只有读几遍凭语感来选择。

10.The time has come _____ we make extensive use of nuclear energy.

A. When

B. while

C. as

D. since

答案：A

详解：答案为A。when引导的定语从句修饰time，有时为了使句子平衡，也就是使主语不必过长，而把定语从句或同位语从句后置于谓语之后。如：The news came that our team won the match.