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Brain-computer interfaces sound like the stuff of science fiction. Andrew Palmer sorts the reality from the hype
脑机接口听起来像是科幻小说中的东西。在喧嚣的炒作中,安德鲁·帕尔默帮我们厘清现实状况
IN THE gleaming facilities of the Wyss Centre for Bio and Neuro engineering in Geneva, a lab technician takes a well plate out of an incubator. Each well contains a tiny piece of brain tissue derived from human stem cells and sitting on top of an array of electrodes. A screen displays what the electrodes are picking up: the characteristic peak-and-trough wave forms of firing neurons.
在日内瓦韦斯(Wyss)生物和神经工程中心那闪闪发光的大楼中,一名实验室技术人员从培养箱中取出一块多孔板。每个孔中都有小小一块来源于人类干细胞的脑组织放在一个电极阵列上。一块屏幕上显示着电极拾取的信息:神经元放电的特征峰谷波形。
To see these signals emanating from disembodied tissue is weird. The firing of a neuron is the basic building block of intelligence. Aggregated and combined, such "action potentials" retrieve every memory, guide every movement and marshal every thought. As you read this sentence, neurons are firing all over your brain: to make sense of the shapes of the letters on the page; to turn those shapes into phonemes and those phonemes into words; and to confer meaning on those words.
看到这些脱离身体的组织会发射信号让人感到有些怪异。神经元的放电是构建智力的基本材料。这些"动作电位"汇集和组合起来,就可拾取每一个记忆,支配每一个动作,组织每一个想法。在你读这句话的时候,你整个大脑中的神经元就在不停地放电:理解页面上的字母形状,把这些形状变成音素,把音素组成单词,再赋予这些单词意义。
This symphony of signals is bewilderingly complex. There are as many as 85bn neurons in an adult human brain, and a typical neuron has 10,000 connections to other such cells. The job of mapping these connections is still in its early stages. But as the brain gives up its secrets, remarkable possibilities have opened up: of decoding neural activity and using that code to control external devices.
这曲"信号交响乐"的复杂程度令人晕眩。成年人脑中有多达850亿个神经元,而一个典型的神经元细胞会连接到10000个同类细胞。描绘这些连接的工作还处于初期阶段。但是随着大脑秘密的逐步揭示,人们已经创造出非凡的可能性:解码神经活动并用这些密码控制外部设备。
责编:曾珂
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