2018年成人英语三级考试黄金冲刺题及答案(9)

 　一、阅读理解(1-20)

　　In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition(获得)of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.

　　Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.

　　As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality(道德). Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach(说教), their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parent's principles and their moral can be a dangerous disappointment.

　　1. Eagerly watching the child's acquisition of new skills _____.

　　A. should be avoided

　　B. is universal among parents

　　C. sets up dangerous states of worry in the child

　　D. will make him lose interest in learning new things

　　答案：A

　　解析：第一段讲到了父母急切盼望孩子们掌握新技能的这种心情所带来的各种负面影响，B、C、D三项均是负面影响的内容，因此要尽量避免，所以只选一项最佳的就选A.

　　2. In the process of children's learning new skills parents _____.

　　A. should encourage them to read before know the meaning of the words they read

　　B. Should not expect too much of them

　　C. Should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own

　　D. Should create as many learning opportunities as possible

　　答案：C

　　解析：根据第一段中所提到的父母太急于盼望孩子们掌握新技能对孩子们产生的不良影响可以得出一个结论：父母应该在强迫孩子和给予他们自由之间保持平衡。故选C.

　　3. The second paragraph mainly tells us that _____.

　　A. parents should be strict with their children

　　B. parents controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community

　　C. parental restriction vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone

　　D. parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation

　　答案：C

　　解析：根据第二段第一句话"Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children."故选C.

　　4. The word "precept" (Line 4, Para.3) probably means _____.

　　A. idea

　　B. punishment

　　C. behavior

　　D. instruction

　　答案：D

　　解析：根据最后一段"If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach(说教)"，可知precept的意思与preach相近，故选D instruction(指导)。

　　5. In moral matters, parents should _____.

　　A. observe the rules themselves

　　B. be aware of the marked difference between adults and children

　　C. forbid things which have no foundation in morality

　　D. consistently ensure the security of their children

　　答案：A

　　解析：根据最后一段第一句"As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching."可知：在道德问题方面，父母的教育方式要保持一致与连贯，不能朝令夕改。故选A.

    　　Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.

　　The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.

　　The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

　　By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the "life enriching" level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.

　　On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?

　　A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crim, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

　　6. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when _____.

　　A. he has saved up enough money

　　B. he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter

　　C. he has satisfied his hunger

　　D. he has learned to build houses

　　答案：C

　　解析：本题答案对应于第一、三段。文章的第一段提到一个人有了吃的就会想到再要件衣服，第三段又说最基本的需求是食物，这个层次的需求得到满足后人就会考虑服装和住的地方。综合判断，所以选C，即他不再饥饿后就会产生对住处和衣服的需求。

　　7. It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War Ⅱ, most Americans _____.

　　A. were very rich

　　B. lived in poverty

　　C. had the good things on the first three levels

　　D. did not own automobiles

　　答案：D

　　解析：文章第三段中说第二次世界大战结束时，对于大多数美国人来说，食品、服装以及住所的需求都满足了，然后第三个层次的需求，包括汽车和新房子便出现了。这说明第二次世界大战结束时大多数美国人还没有汽车。A"很富有"，意思不明。B"生活在贫困中"，不符合文意。C"满足了前三个层次的需求"，也不正确，因为这时第三个层次的需求才刚刚出现。

　　8. Which of the following is NOT related to "physical satisfaction"?

　　A. A successful career.

　　B. A comfortable home.

　　C. A good meal.

　　D. A family car.

　　答案：A

　　解析：本题答案对应于文章的第四段，第四段第三行说physical satisfaction包括食物、生活舒适、有安全感、有交通工具，在B、C、D中都有体现。故选A.

　　9. What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?

　　A. The more goods the better.

　　B. The more mental satisfaction the better.

　　C. The more "luxury" items the better.

　　D. The more earnings the better.

　　答案：B

　　解析：本题答案对应文章第四段，其中第四行this level，也就是第四个层次的需求强调的是精神需求，所以选B.

　　10. The author tends to think that the fifth level _____.

　　A. would be little better than the fourth level

　　B. may be a lot more desirable than the first four

　　C. can be the last and most satisfying level

　　D. will become attainable before the government takes actions

　　答案：B

　　解析：本题考查考生对作者意思的整体把握。先看A"比第四个层次要好一些"，意思含糊。C"是最终的、最令人满意的需求层次"，太绝对。D"在政府采取行动之前就能实现"，不合文意。文章说第五个层次的需求要通过集体行动实现，即人们付钱给政府，让其对抗疾病、愚昧、犯罪与不公。可见这要在政府采取行动后实现。而B的意思是"比前四个层次的需求更值得拥有"，这是正确的。

    　　Katherine walked into a newspaper office, and demanded to see the editor. Fortunately, the editor was passing the inquiry office when she asked for him. Seeing she was a girl of school age, he thought it might offer him an amusing five minutes between interviews.

　　Katherine was very rude to him when he told her they didn't accept schoolgirls. She said she was surprised that the editor of a great London newspaper did not know how to behave like a gentleman. The editor sat back in his chair and laughed heartily. He had never been spoken to like that in his life. He rather liked it for its novelty. After some further conversation, in which Katherine attempted to persuade him that she could do anything he wanted, from writing a leading article to a serial story, she said: "I am not going to leave this room until you put me on the staff!"

　　Then the editor had to speak to her rather seriously, and told her what a great London newspaper meant to a girl and how utterly ignorant she was of everything that would make her useful as a journalist. Upon this Katherine burst into tears, and the editor, who had dismissed many men in the course of his career, walked up and down the room wondering what he could do for this extraordinary young girl whose tearful eyes were so full of disappointment.

　　"Look here," he said, "if you come to me in two years' time, with a knowledge of shorthand, and if you promise not to shed tears on my blotting paper, I will give you something to do."

　　"Really? If you don't mind, I'll have it in black and white," said the girl.

　　The editor was startled. He began to think that this young girl was not so young as she looked. He drafted out an agreement for her on the lines laid down with a great deal of solemnity(严肃)which he found quite amusing, for he was confident that the young girl might quite as well change her mind or would be engaged to a nice boy long before the agreement took effect.

　　11. The real reason why the editor decided to interview the girl was that he _____.

　　A. heard her asking for him

　　B. was not very busy

　　C. thought it would amuse him

　　D. liked to work with young girls

　　答案：C

　　解析：Seeing she was a girl of school age, he thought it might offer him an amusing five minutes between interviews.故选C.

　　12. "He rather liked it for its novelty" means he liked it because it was _____.

　　A. unusual

　　B. pleasant

　　C. courageous

　　D. friendly

　　答案：A

　　解析：He had never been spoken to like that in his life. He rather liked it for its novelty.根据上下文推测只有unusual正确。

　　13. The editor walked up and down the room, because he was _____.

　　A. rather angry with her

　　B. afraid other people would hear her crying

　　C. not sure whether he should dismiss her or not

　　D. trying to make a decision

　　答案：D

　　解析：walked up and down the room wondering what he could do for this extraordinary young girl whose tearful eyes were so full of disappointment.此题要读出wondering后面的意思，因此选D.

　　14. As their conversation continued, the editor _____.

　　A. changed his opinion of the girl

　　B. grew tired of her

　　C. became annoyed

　　D. thought she was too uneducated

　　答案：A

　　解析：The editor was startled. He began to think that this young girl was not so young as she looked.从编辑见到这个女孩刚开始的应付状态，到最后这个编辑对女孩的谈吐很吃惊，考虑给她一个答复，可以看出编辑逐步改变对这个女孩的认识及看法。

　　15. When the editor drafted out the agreement for the girl, he _____.

　　A. hoped that this would please the girl

　　B. wished that it would take effect soon

　　C. adopted a rather serious attitude

　　D. didn't mean what he wrote

　　答案：D

　　解析：文章最后结尾for he was confident that the young girl might quite as well change her mind or would be engaged to a nice boy long before the agreement took effect. 表明了D的意思。

    　Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem-how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bubs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable.

　　Some parts of most modern buildings-theaters and offices as well as classrooms are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called "heat recovery." A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University's system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.

　　Along the way, pit has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. (76) Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hardworking, overweight male genius.

　　16. Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it ______.

　　A. was difficult to collect

　　B. came in a variety of forms

　　C. was difficult to get rid of

　　D. tended to be absorbed by physical objects

　　答案：C

　　答案是开头的第二句：The usual problem is how to dispose of it.Dispose of"处理解决"。

　　17. Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?

　　A. The heat is supplied by human bodies only.

　　B. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.

　　C. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.

　　D. The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel.

　　答案：B

　　答案在第一段的第三句中。他们设计了一种收集系统，它不但利用身体的热，还收集由灯泡、冰箱等散发出来的热。有了这两种热能，作者指出在校园中已无需任何conventional fuel。

　　18.The phrase "even in winter" (in line 8) most nearly means ______.

　　A. if the winter is especially warm

　　B. during all of the year except the winter

　　C. in the winter as well as in other seasons

　　D. during the evenings in the winter

　　答案：C

　　第二段中说：大多数现代化的大楼有些部分-戏院、办公室以及教室是用人体和灯光的热来供热的，有时候甚至在冬天的空调也是由它们来供热。Even意为"甚至"。

　　19. The phrase "heat recovery" refers to a ______.

　　A. method of concealing the source of heat

　　B. special form of air conditioning

　　C. supplementary hot water system

　　D. way of reclaiming and re-using heat

　　答案：D

　　回收再利用热能。此题考察学生对全文的总结能力，以及reclaim和re-use的词义。

　　20. According to the passage which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of heat?

　　A. A fat female who studies hard.

　　B. A thin female who does not study.

　　C. A fat male who does not study.

　　D. A thin male who studies hard.

　　答案：B

　　最后一段倒数第二句说：男学生发出的热量比女生发出的热量多，学生体重越重产生的热量越多。学习刻苦的比学习不刻苦的产生的热量多。所以最瘦的女生产生的热量最少。

    二、词汇和语法(21-30)

　　21.The new dictionary _____ him 15 dollars.

　　A.paid

　　B.took

　　C.spent

　　D.cost

　　答案：D

　　解析：这本新字典花了他15美元。本题考查的是动词词义辨析。take，spend，cost都有"花费"的意思。当人作主语时用spend，当物作主语时用cost;take常用在It takes sb. some time to do sth.这一句型中;pay一词指的是某人主动付款购买某物。根据题意，故选D.

　　22.His good sense of humor made a deep impression _____ us.

　　A.in

　　B.on

　　C.for

　　D.to

　　答案：B

　　解析：他的幽默感给我们留下了深刻印象。本题考查的是固定搭配。make/leave a deep impression on sb.意为"给某人留下深刻的印象"。

　　23.He had so little education _____ he was unfit for this job.

　　A.but

　　B.what

　　C.as

　　D.that

　　答案：D

　　解析：他所受教育很少，以致于不适合做这个工作。本题考查的是固定搭配。so+形容词或副词+that clause，表示"如此…以致于…"。

　　24._____ had enough time, they would have visited the Great Wall。

　　A.Had they

　　B.Have they

　　C.Would they have

　　D.If they

　　答案：A

　　解析：如果他们有足够的时间，他们就去参观长城了。本题考查的是虚拟语气。本题是省略if的条件句的虚拟语气。由主句谓语动词的形式，可以判断是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的句子，要求选的是条件句。如果用if开头，从句就应用过去完成时的形式，D选项不符合，排除。虚拟条件从句中的were，had或should可以前置而省略if。故选A.

　　25.Noise is unpleasant, _____ when you are absorbed in readin9.

　　A.essentially

　　B.especially

　　C.specially

　　D.strangely

　　答案：B

　　解析：噪音很讨厌，尤其是你专心致志看书的时候。本题考查的是副词辨析。essentially意为"本质上，实质上";especially意为"特别，尤其，格外";specially意为"专门地，特别地";strangely意为"奇妙地;不可思议地;怪异地"。根据题意。选B.

　　26.It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly _____ my roommate.

　　A.pull out

　　B.run out

　　C.pick out

　　D.turn out

　　答案：C

　　解析：电影院里光线太暗，我差点没辨认出我的室友来。本题考查的是动词词组的词义辨析。pull out意为"驶出，抽出，拔出";lain out意为"用完，耗尽，过期";pick out意为"挑选出，分辨出辨认出";turn out意为"露面，证明是，熄灭"。

　　27.When _____ along the street in the evening，the young lawyer saw her former teacher.

　　A.walking

　　B.to walk

　　C.walk

　　D.walked

　　答案：A

　　解析：晚上在街上散步的时候，这个年轻的律师遇见了她以前的老师。本题考查的是非谓语动词。分词短语作状语。分词短语或分词可作时间状语、原因状语、让步状语、条件状语或伴随状语。如果主句主语与分词是主动关系，就用现在分词;要是被动关系，就用过去分词。分词短语前面可以有when，while，once，if，unless，though等连词修饰。句中walk与the young lawyer的关系是主动关系，所以用现在分词，正确答案为A.

　　28.I'll accept any job _____ I don't have to get up early.

　　A.as soon as

　　B.as long as

　　C.as far as

　　D.as much as

　　答案：B

　　解析：只要不必早起，任何工作我都可以接受。本题考查的是连词词组。as soon as意为"尽快";as far as意为"那么远，直到;至于";as much as意为"和…一样多";as long as句中的意思是"只要"。根据题意，正确答案为B.

　　29.They were angry because you _____ your promise.

　　A.didn't keep

　　B.have not kept

　　C.don't keep

　　D.had not kept

　　答案：D

　　解析：由于你没有遵守诺言，他们很生气。本题考查的是动词时态。主句用过去时，原因状语从句的动作发生在"生气"这件事前，所以时态需要用过去完成时。故选D.

　　30.Mary had an _____; she's been knocked down by a taxi.

　　A.event

　　B.occurrence

　　C.accident

　　D.incident

　　答案：C

　　解析：玛丽遇到了交通事故;她被出租车撞倒了。本题考查的是名词辨析。event意为"事件，偶然发生的事件，可指任何大小事件，但尤指历史上的重大事件";occurrence意为"日常生活中发生的一般事件";accident意为"事故，强调偶然或意外发生的不幸事情";incident意为"突发事件，可指小事件或附带事件，又可指政治上具有影响力的事件或事变"。根据题意，应选C.  

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