案例:1岁半小儿,突起腹泻,大便每日10多次,黏液状,带脓血,伴恶心、呕吐、高热和腹痛。查体:T39.5℃,精神极差,意识模糊,呼吸深快,有烂苹果味,面色苍灰,前囟眼窝明显凹陷,哭无泪,口唇干燥,皮肤弹性差,脉细弱,尿少,四肢冰冷,心音低钝,可闻及期前收缩。化验:大便常规见较多的红、白细胞;血钠135mmol/L,钾3.4mmol/L,C02CP9mmol/L。经入院治疗后患儿的呕吐和腹泻减轻,第二天体温正常,但输液过程中突然出现惊厥,应首先考虑合并了
A.低血糖症
B.低钠血症
C.低钙血症
D.低镁血症
E.低钾血症加重
试卷相关题目
- 1案例:1岁半小儿,突起腹泻,大便每日10多次,黏液状,带脓血,伴恶心、呕吐、高热和腹痛。查体:T39.5℃,精神极差,意识模糊,呼吸深快,有烂苹果味,面色苍灰,前囟眼窝明显凹陷,哭无泪,口唇干燥,皮肤弹性差,脉细弱,尿少,四肢冰冷,心音低钝,可闻及期前收缩。化验:大便常规见较多的红、白细胞;血钠135mmol/L,钾3.4mmol/L,C02CP9mmol/L。第一天的补液总量为
A.50ml/kg
B.60〜90ml/kg
C.90〜120ml/kg
D.120〜150ml/kg
E.150〜180ml/kg
开始考试点击查看答案 - 2案例:1岁半小儿,突起腹泻,大便每日10多次,黏液状,带脓血,伴恶心、呕吐、高热和腹痛。查体:T39.5℃,精神极差,意识模糊,呼吸深快,有烂苹果味,面色苍灰,前囟眼窝明显凹陷,哭无泪,口唇干燥,皮肤弹性差,脉细弱,尿少,四肢冰冷,心音低钝,可闻及期前收缩。化验:大便常规见较多的红、白细胞;血钠135mmol/L,钾3.4mmol/L,C02CP9mmol/L。该患儿的治疗应首选
A.抗感染、扩容、纠正酸中毒
B.禁食
C.止泻
D.微生态疗法
E.肠黏膜保护剂
开始考试点击查看答案 - 3案例:1岁半小儿,突起腹泻,大便每日10多次,黏液状,带脓血,伴恶心、呕吐、高热和腹痛。查体:T39.5℃,精神极差,意识模糊,呼吸深快,有烂苹果味,面色苍灰,前囟眼窝明显凹陷,哭无泪,口唇干燥,皮肤弹性差,脉细弱,尿少,四肢冰冷,心音低钝,可闻及期前收缩。化验:大便常规见较多的红、白细胞;血钠135mmol/L,钾3.4mmol/L,C02CP9mmol/L。该患儿的诊断可能为
A.病毒性肠炎、重度脱水伴酸中毒
B.致病性大肠埃希菌肠炎,重度脱水伴酸中毒
C.产毒性大肠埃希菌肠炎,重度脱水伴酸中毒
D.侵袭性大肠埃希菌肠炎,重度脱水伴酸中毒
E.出血性大肠埃希菌肠炎,重度脱水伴酸中毒
开始考试点击查看答案 - 4案例:6个月女婴,腹泻3天,为黄色稀水样便,精神差,尿少,皮肤有花纹,四肢湿冷,血钠132mmol/L。上述患儿补液后脱水征消失,但出现反应差,腹胀。查体:P140次/分,心音低钝,腹胀,腱反射消失。最可能的原因是合并了
A.低钾血症
B.低钠血症
C.低钙血症
D.中毒性心肌病
E.中毒性肠麻痹
开始考试点击查看答案 - 5案例:6个月女婴,腹泻3天,为黄色稀水样便,精神差,尿少,皮肤有花纹,四肢湿冷,血钠132mmol/L。最可能诊断为
A.中度等渗性脱水
B.重度等渗性脱水
C.重度低渗性脱水
D.重度高渗性脱水
E.中度低渗性脱水
开始考试点击查看答案 - 6案例:10-month-old boy presents high fever and watery,bloody,mucous diarrhea for 3 days,vomiting and anuria for 24 hours with a paternal complaint of "refusing to eat and sleeping too much".Physical examination reveals a lethargic boy with a body temperature of 39℃,deeply sunken eyes,dry mucosa and poor skin turgor.His extremities are cool with capillary refill time of > 4 seconds.His degree of dehydration is
A.mild dehydration
B.moderate dehydration
C.severe dehydration
D.None of the above
E.All of the above
开始考试点击查看答案 - 7案例:10-month-old boy presents high fever and watery,bloody,mucous diarrhea for 3 days,vomiting and anuria for 24 hours with a paternal complaint of "refusing to eat and sleeping too much".Physical examination reveals a lethargic boy with a body temperature of 39℃,deeply sunken eyes,dry mucosa and poor skin turgor.His extremities are cool with capillary refill time of > 4 seconds.In summary the total volume of fluid the patient need is
A.60〜90ml/kg
B.90〜120ml/kg
C.120〜150ml/kg
D.150〜180ml/kg
E.180〜210ml/kg
开始考试点击查看答案 - 8案例:10-month-old boy presents high fever and watery,bloody,mucous diarrhea for 3 days,vomiting and anuria for 24 hours with a paternal complaint of "refusing to eat and sleeping too much".Physical examination reveals a lethargic boy with a body temperature of 39℃,deeply sunken eyes,dry mucosa and poor skin turgor.His extremities are cool with capillary refill time of > 4 seconds.Which kind of fliud should be given to the patient first:
A.10ml/kg,IV,within 0.5〜1 hour
B.10ml/kg,IV,within 1 day
C.20ml/kg,IV,within 0.5〜1 hour
D.20ml/kg,IV,within 1 day
E.30ml/kg,IV,within 1 day
开始考试点击查看答案 - 9案例:7个月男婴,发热、腹泻5天,呕吐3次,大便5〜6次/天,稀水样便,偶有少量脓血。查体:T38.5℃,无脱水征。首先可除外的疾病是
A.细菌性痢疾
B.空场弯曲菌肠炎
C.侵袭性大肠埃希菌肠炎
D.产毒性大肠埃希菌肠炎
E.鼠伤寒沙门小肠结肠炎
开始考试点击查看答案 - 10案例:7个月男婴,发热、腹泻5天,呕吐3次,大便5〜6次/天,稀水样便,偶有少量脓血。查体:T38.5℃,无脱水征。治疗方法可应用
A.禁食6〜12小时
B.静脉补液
C.用抗生素
D.用止泻药
E.用抗病毒药
开始考试点击查看答案