Firstly, it was made of bronze. More notable, it was not circular, but in the shape of a knife! The knife had a hole pierced in the handle so that it could be suspended (for example, from a string), and, like some Greek coins, it generally bore an inscription. Other shapes included keys or spades, but what they had in common was the pierced hole. It was probably around 250 B.C. that the first Chinese money we would recognize as coins appeared, and, subsequently, the famous Ming Mint produced a round coin with a square hole in it. This particular coin bore the inscription, “Knife of Ming,” but later the knife itself disappeared. It was from this coin that the famous “cash” developed. The Chinese word, “cash”, means “a small unit of currency.” Although Chinese coins often had inscriptions, they virtually never had portraits, or types of any kind, until the nineteenth century when were influenced by western models.

试卷相关题目

• 1Soon, inscriptions appeared, the first known one being “I am the sign of Phanes.” From Halicarnassus around 600 B.C., about 200years later, the first portraits of rulers appeared on coins.

  H.A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

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• 2In Greece, a natural alloy of gold and silver called “electrun” occurred in river in nugget form. The first coins were taken out of these nuggets with a tool called a punch. In order to distinguish these coins from gold ornaments, a design, or “type”, to use the technical numismatic expression, was added on one side. At first, these types were very simple: flowers, squares or, in the case of the city of Phocaea, a seal (seal = foca Spanish).

  H.A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

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• 3The invention of coins appears to have occurred almost simultaneously but quite independently in ancient Greece and in China in about 700 B.C.

  H.A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

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• 4The best title for this passage could be.

  A.Scared Law

  B.Islamic Law

  C.Islamic Law, Jewish Law and Canon Law

  D.All Kinds of Laws

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• 5Islamic law never developed an overt trial of strength, because.

  A.it was never supported by an organized institute

  B.it was dominated by the dualism of religion and state

  C.it was reinforced by pressure from outside

  D.it was supported by an organized institution

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• 6In the thirteenth century

  A.D. Marco Polo brought stories of such money to Europe, but the concept did not inspire the Europeans of his time. In fact, the true ancestors of modern paper money were the billets printed in France in 1716 by the Scottish financier, John Law. So the English word “cash” comes from a Chinese word, and the Spanish word billeted comes from a Scotsman in France. Money certainly seems to make the word go round!A.

  D.Marco Polo brought stories of such money to Europe, but the concept did not inspire the Europeans of his tim

  E.In fact, the true ancestors of modern paper money were the billets printed in France in 1716 by the Scottish financier, John Law. So the English word “cash” comes from a Chinese word, and the Spanish word billeted comes from a Scotsman in France. Money certainly seems to make the word go round!A. B. C. D. E.

  H.A.D. Marco Polo brought stories of such money to Europe, but the concept did not inspire the Europeans of his time. In fact, the true ancestors of modern paper money were the billets printed in France in 1716 by the Scottish financier, John Law. So the English word “cash” comes from a Chinese word, and the Spanish word billeted comes from a Scotsman in France. Money certainly seems to make the word go round!A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

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• 7Sample TwoDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 4145, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

  A.It is also used to help students gain transition skills: Students with autism or developmental delay can visit a virtual supermarket, take public transportation, cross the street, or organize his or her day. Students in wheelchairs can learn how to navigate buildings. And the beauty is, these students can make any number of mistakes without endangering themselves.

  B.For example, virtual reality has been used effectively to assess students’ depth perception, with the results being quite different from those obtained from traditional paper and pencil tests.

  C.Then we gradually begin shrinking the sign and adding other environmental elements. Once the student has mastered this virtually, he or she transfers the knowledge to the real worl

  D.In the end, this is the most important function of virtual reality programs for special students.D.Virtual reality even allows us to tailor the world to meet a child’s needs. Let’s say we’re teaching a child to cross the street by paying attention to traffic signs. Educators have found that it is often difficult for the child to locate the traffic sign in a busy environment. With virtual reality, we can blow up the “walk sign” so the student knows what it looks lik

  E.E.And it is expected that future teachers will be exposed to virtual classes, complete with “difficult students” to help them master behavior management techniques.

  G.In fact, one of the biggest virtues of virtual reality is that it allows students to learn in a safe environment, and this holds true for students with behavior disorders. After a student has learned an appropriate behavior or way of controlling his or her anger, the student is put in progressively more difficult virtual social situations where he or she can practice the new technique.

  H.A.It is also used to help students gain transition skills: Students with autism or developmental delay can visit a virtual supermarket, take public transportation, cross the street, or organize his or her day. Students in wheelchairs can learn how to navigate buildings. And the beauty is, these students can make any number of mistakes without endangering themselves.B.For example, virtual reality has been used effectively to assess students’ depth perception, with the results being quite different from those obtained from traditional paper and pencil tests.C.Then we gradually begin shrinking the sign and adding other environmental elements. Once the student has mastered this virtually, he or she transfers the knowledge to the real world. In the end, this is the most important function of virtual reality programs for special students.D.Virtual reality even allows us to tailor the world to meet a child’s needs. Let’s say we’re teaching a child to cross the street by paying attention to traffic signs. Educators have found that it is often difficult for the child to locate the traffic sign in a busy environment. With virtual reality, we can blow up the “walk sign” so the student knows what it looks like.E.And it is expected that future teachers will be exposed to virtual classes, complete with “difficult students” to help them master behavior management techniques.F.In fact, one of the biggest virtues of virtual reality is that it allows students to learn in a safe environment, and this holds true for students with behavior disorders. After a student has learned an appropriate behavior or way of controlling his or her anger, the student is put in progressively more difficult virtual social situations where he or she can practice the new technique.G.Some of today’s most cutting-edge technology is now being used to help students with special needs. No longer just the province of games for “video needs,” virtual reality has come into its own as a tool for special education teachers and therapists. As such, it is used for assessment, teaching, and practice, according to Skip Rizzo, research assistant/professor at the University of Southern California.Order:A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

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• 870.45U.S.New variations such as Vanilla Coke and a lemonflavored diet drink helped the soft drink icon remain bubbly.

  H.A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

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• 965.17U.S. The software giant shifted its advertising to build the band, not just sell products, at a time when most rivals were suffering.IBM51.77U.S.Big Blue gained recognition in new markets, partly thanks to an $800 million marketing campaign pushing e-business on demand.GE42.34U.S. Getting doubledigit growth is harder, but in tough times, the brand that Edison built held its own.Intel31.11U.S. With Intel Inside and WiFi out to take over the world, the chipmaker’s Centrino wireless notebook package delivered a powerful punch.

  H.A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

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• 1029.44FinlandStill the World’s leading mobilephone maker, it faced stiff challenges form fastriser Samsung and a growing crop of operatorbranded phones.

  H.A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

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