2017 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类联考英语 ( 二 ) 试题-阅读理解

　　Section II Reading Comprehension　　Part A　　Directions:　　Read the following four passages.Answer the questions below each passage by　　choosing A,B,C or D Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)　　Text 1　　Every Saturday morning,at 9 am,more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km　　around their local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has　　inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free,staffed by thousands of　　volunteers.Runners range from four years old to grandparents;their times range from　　Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.　　Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic“legacy”is failing.Ten years ago on　　Monday,it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London.　　Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a　　nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter,healthier　　and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly　　sport did rise,by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population　　was growing faster.Worse,the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate.The　　opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have　　nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections　　continue as to why London 2012 failed to“inspire a generation.”The success of　　Parkrun offers answers.　　Parkun is not a race but a time trial:Your only competitor is the clock.The ethos　　welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped　　over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders,by contrast,　　wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.The dual aim　　was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.　　Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning　　of such a fundamentally“grassroots”,concept as community sports associations.If　　there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common　　goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis　　and netball courts,and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.But　　successive governments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezing money　　from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy,　　worthy strategies,future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for　　sport to thrive.Or at least not make them worse.　　21.According to Paragraph1,Parkrun has _____.　　[A]gained great popularity　　created many jobs　　[C]strengthened community ties　　[D]become an official festival　　22.The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy”has failed to _____.　　[A]boost population growth　　promote sport participation　　[C]improve the city’s image　　[D]increase sport hours in schools　　23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it _____.　　[A]aims at discovering talents　　focuses on mass competition　　[C]does not emphasize elitism　　[D]does not attract first-timers　　24.With regard to mass sport,the author holds that governments should _____.　　[A]organize“grassroots”sports events　　supervise local sports associations　　[C]increase funds for sports clubs　　[D]invest in public sports facilities　　25.The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is _____.　　[A]tolerant　　critical　　[C]uncertain　　[D]sympathetic　　Text 2　　With so much focus on children use of screens,it is easy for parents to forget about　　their own screen use.“tech is designed to really suck you in,”says jenny pedesky in her　　study of diital play,“and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.it　　makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”　　Pedesky has studied the use of mobile phone and tablets at mealtimes by giving　　mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who used devices　　during the exercise stared 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer bnonverbal　　interaction with their children.During a separate observation she saw that phones　　became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while　　the children would be making excited bids for their attention.　　Infants are wired to look at parents faces try to understand their world,and if those　　faces are blank and unresponsive-as they often are when absorbed in a device-it can　　be extremely disconcerting for the children.Padesky cites the“still face experiment”　　devised by developmental psychologist.Ed tronick in the 1970s.in it,a mother is asked　　to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not　　giving them any visual social feedback:the child becomes increasingly distressed as　　she tries to capture her mother’s attention.“parents don’t have to be exquisitely present　　at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and　　sensitive to be a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,”says　　radesky.　　On the other hand,tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kid’s use　　of screens ate born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parents should　　always be interacting”with their children:“it is based on a somewhat fantasized very　　white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child　　to 3000words you are neglecting them”tronick believes that just because a child isn’t　　learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value it-particularyly if gives parents　　time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child parents,　　he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work　　out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets them to be more available　　to their child the rest of the time.　　26.Accoding to Jenny Radesky,digital products are designed to _____.　　[A]absorb user attention　　increase work efficiency　　[C]simlify routine matters　　[D]better interpersonal relation　　27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’use of devices _____.　　[A]takes away babies’appetite　　distracts children’s attention　　[C]reduces mother-chuild communication　　[D]shows down babies’verbal development　　28.Radesky cites the”still face experiment”to show that _____.　　[A]it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions　　parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs　　[C]verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange　　[D]children are insensitive to changes in their parents’mood　　29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents _____.　　[A]protects kids from exposure to wild fantasies　　teach their kids at least 30000 words a year　　[C]remain concernd about kid’s use of screens　　[D]ensure constant interaction with their children　　30.Accoding to Tronick,kids’use of screens may _____.　　[A]make their parents more creative　　give their parents some freen time　　[C]help then with their homework　　[D]help them become more attentive　　Text 3　　Today,widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction　　with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to　　completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.After all,if everyone you know　　is going to college in the fall,it seems silly to stay back a year,doesn’t it?And after　　going to school for 12 years,it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that　　isn’t academic.　　But while this may be true,it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There’s　　always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated“race　　to the finish line,”whether that be toward graduate school,medical school or lucrative　　career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the success of　　academic pursuits—in fact,it probably enhances it.　　Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year　　are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.　　Rather than pulling students back,a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for　　independence,new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that firstyear　　students often struggle with the most.Gap year experiences can lessen the blow　　when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment,　　making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimationblunders.　　If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,　　then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.According to the National　　Center for Education Statistics,nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing　　their majors at least once.This isn’t surprising,considering the basic mandatory high　　school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one　　major on their college applications,but switching to another after taking college classes.　　It’s not necessarily a bad thing,but depending on the school,it can be costly to make up　　credits after switching too late in the game.At Boston College,for example,you would　　have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another　　department.Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and　　save money later on.　　31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_______.　　[A]they think it academically misleading　　they have a lot of fun to expect in college　　[C]it feels strange to do differently from others　　[D]it seems worthless to take off-campus courses　　32.S