2019考研英语基础阶段完型填空练习(3)

Section II Use of English

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well-being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally 21 person in good physical condition is not 22 healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do 23 how a person copes with the world as s/he exists. Many of the factors that 24 physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being.

Having a good self-image means that people have positive 25 pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable 26 , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are 27 like others. Having a good self-image is based 28 a realistic, as well as positive, or optimistic 29 of one’s own worth and value and capabilities.

Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful 30 of our society. People of all ages 31 stress. Children begin to 32 stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing 33 in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to 34 academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals 35 to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual’s physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.

Satisfying social relations are vital to 37 mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to 38 , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 39 the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of 40 conflicts in a constructive way.

　　21. [A] unstable [B] unsure [C] imprecise [D] impractical

　　22. [A] normally [B] generally [C] virtually [D] necessarily

　　23. [A] on [B] at [C] to [D] with

　　24. [A] signify [B] influence [C] predict [D] mark

　　25. [A] intellectual [B] sensual [C] spiritual [D] mental

　　26. [A] to be doing [B] with doing [C] to do [D] of doing

　　27. [A] able better to [B] able to better [C] better to able [D] better able to

　　28. [A] on [B] from [C] at [D] about

　　29. [A] assessment [B] decision [C] determination [D] assistance

　　30. [A] ideality [B] realization [C] realism [D] reality

　　31. [A] occur [B] engage [C] confront [D] encounter

　　32. [A] tolerate [B] sustain [C] experience [D] undertake

　　33. [A] evidence [B] accidents [C] adventures [D] events

　　34. [A] acquire [B] achieve [C] obtain [D] fulfill

　　35. [A] respond [B] return [C] retort [D] reply

　　36. [A] why [B] when [C] while [D] where

　　37. [A] sound [B] all-round [C] entire [D] whole

　　38. [A] illuminate [B] enunciate [C] enumerate [D] initiate

　　39. [A] access [B] assess [C] process [D] possess

　　40. [A] resolving [B] saluting [C] dissolving [D] solving

Section II Use of English 答案及解析

　　21. A

　　An angry, frustrated, emotionally unstable person in good physical condition is not necessarily healthy.一个易怒的，情绪沮丧的，感情不稳定但是体格很好的人，未必是健康的。

　　[A] unstable adj. (情绪)不稳定的;

　　[B] unsure adj. 没有自信的，不肯定的，不确定的;

　　[C] imprecise adj. 不严密的，不精确的;

　　[D] impractical adj. 不切实际的;

　　22. D

　　要表达“并不一定”、“未必”的意思，通常用not necessarily或not definitely。

　　23. D

　　Mental health, therefore, has much to do with how a person copes with the world as it exists.因此，精神健康，和一个人在生活中如何处理身边的事情，有很大的关系。

　　have…(nothing, little, much, a lot) to do with…：和……(没)有(很大的)关系。

　　24. B

　　Many of the factors that influence physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being. 很多影响体格健康的因素，同时也影响精神和感情的健康。

　　[B] influence影响。例：My teacher influenced my decision to study science. 我的老师对我学理科的决定起了影响作用。influence也可做名词，用法如下：(常与on连用)影响力;感化力。例：My teacher’s influence made me study science at college. 由于我老师的影响，我上大学学了理科。Some women have bad influence upon their husbands. 有些妇女对其丈夫有坏影响。上下文中also一词提示填空处需要affect的近义词。

　　[A] signify①表示;象征;意味。②用动作表示……意思。例：He signified his content with a nod. 他以点头表示同意。③有关系;有重要性。

　　[C] predict v. 预知，预言，预报。

　　[D] mark vt. 做标记于，打分数，标志。由also或affect一词可以轻易解此题。

　　25. D

　　上下文中多次出现这个词。

　　[D] mental adj. 精神的，智力的，心智的。和physical相对。一般“精神病”被称作mental illness。上下文中physical一词是答案信号。[A] intellectual adj. 智力的，有智力的，显示智力的。作名词时意为“知识分子”。[B] sensual adj. 肉欲的，色情的，世俗的，强调“通过感官感觉到的”。[C] spiritual adj. 非物质的，精神的;灵魂的;宗教的;神圣的。和material相对。

　　26. D

　　capable of doing为固定搭配。意思相当于be able to do。

　　27. D

　　People with good self-images like themselves, and they are better able to like others. 那些对自己的形象有积极认识的人通常很欣赏自己，也更容易欣赏其他人。to be able to的比较级，用to be better able to，其他选项的词序都不对。

　　28. A

　　Having a good self-image is based on a realistic assessment of one’s own worth and value and capabilities. 对自己的形象有积极的认识，是建立在对自己的价值和能力的符合实际的评价基础上的。

　　be based on：建立在……的基础上，它基于句式base A on B(将A以B为基础)。

　　29. A

　　[A] assessment是动词assess(估计，估算;评估，评价)的名词形式。

　　30. D

　　Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful reality of our society. 压力是我们社会中无可避免的，而且有潜在的促进社会健康作用的现实存在。表示“存在的现实状况”用[D] reality (n. 真实，事实，本体;逼真)。[A] ideality n. 理想，是ideal的名词形式。[B] realization n. 实现;认识;领会，是realize的名词形式。[C] realism n.现实主义。

　　31. D

　　由第三段的最后一句话：If stressful situations are continually encountered, …可以找到此题答案。People of all ages encounter stress. 各个年龄段的人都会遇到压力。[D] encounter遭遇，遇到，强调“偶然遇见”;[A] occur vi. 发生，出现;[B] engage vt. 使忙碌，雇佣，预定，使从事于;例：be engaged in…忙于(从事)……。[C] confront①面对;面临;遭遇。例：to confront danger(勇敢地)面对危险②(与with连用)使面对;使面临。例：be confronted with crisis面临危机。

　　32. C

　　由36空所在的句子中：One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unable to function at a11. 可以找到此题答案。Children begin to experience stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. 儿童在出生之前，以及降临到世界的过程中都有压力的体验。[C] experience vt. 经验，体验，经历，阅历;[A] tolerate vt. (主观上努力去)忍受，容忍;[B] sustain vt. 支撑，撑住，维持，持续;[D] undertake vt. 承担，担任(也包含“主观努力”的意思)。

　　33. D

　　Examples of stress-inducing events in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to achieve academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. 年轻人的生活中，能够带来压力的事件，包括宠物的死亡、学业的压力、父母的离异，或者加入新的年轻人群体。[D] event来自拉丁语evenire发生，e-出.外+venire来，发生出来的事就是“(比较重大的)事件”。而句子表语部分恰恰罗列了种种较为重大的事件。[A] evidence n. 明显，显著，明白，迹象，根据，[物]证据，证物;[B]accident n. 意外事件，(造成一定伤亡或者损失的)事故;[C] adventure n. 冒险，冒险的经历。

　　34. B

　　“学业上取得成就”用achieve。[A] acquire和[C] obtain作“获得”解时，作及物动词，后及宾语。[D]fulfill vt. 实践，实行，完成，达到，侧重“履行”之意。

　　35. A

　　The different ways in which individuals respond to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. 人们对压力做出的不同的反应方式，可能会带来有益于健康，或者不利于健康的后果。[A] respond(常与to连用)反应，回报，对……有反应，对……起作用;[B] return vt. 归还，回报，(经济)收益;[C] retort v. 反驳，反击;[D]reply vi. 答复，回击，报复，答辩，回答。

　　36. C

　　One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well while another may be unable to function at a11. 在巨大的压力下。有的人可能会应对非常自如，但是另一个人就完全无法正常发挥。[C] while此处是一个表示转折意义的连词，表示“虽然，但是”。例：You like tennis, while I’d rather read. 你爱打网球，但我爱看书。类似用法的连词还有whereas。例：Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it. 有些人喜欢肥肉，相反有些人讨厌肥肉。

　　37. A

　　Satisfying social relations are vital to sound mental and emotional health. 让人满意的社会关系对于良好的精神和情绪健全至关重要。

　　[A] sound作形容词意为“完好的，健全的，合理的，明智的”。例：the sound development of a baby(一个婴儿的健康发育);sound judgment合理(明智)的判断。[B] all-round adj. 全面的，多才多艺的。

　　38. D

　　It is believed that in order to initiate, develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must possess the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. 一般认为，要想建立，发展，并且维持有效而给人满足感的社会关系，人们必须拥有了解和信任他人，影响他人，及帮助他人的能力。[D]initiate vt. 创始，发起;[A] illuminate vt. 照明，照亮，阐明，说明;[B] enunciate v. 阐明，清晰发言;[C] enumerate v. 列举。

　　39. D

　　上下文中also一词提示天空处需要be capable of的近义词，所以possess the ability符合题意。

　　40. [A]

　　They must also be capable of resolving conflicts in a constructive way. 他们必须有能力以建设性的方法来解决冲突。

　　resolve和solve都有“解决”之意。例：solve/resolve a problem但resolve可用来表达“评定或平息冲突或争端等”之意，相当于settle。例：resolve/settle the quarrel in a friendly way(以友好的方式解决纷争)。此外，resolve还有“决心，决定”之意，相当于decide或determine。例：Parliament has resolved that… (国会决议……);to resolve/be resolved to do… (下决心做……)。