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摘 要:目的:观察曲马多复合芬太尼静脉镇痛在开胸术后镇痛及对肺功能的影响。方法:60例择期行肺叶切除术病人(ASAI~II)随机分为2组,观察组(n=30):1%曲马多+1.5μg/ml芬太尼,对照组(n=30):0.125%布比卡因+芬太尼2μg/kg ;采用10cm视觉模拟评分尺评估术后1d、2d静息和咳嗽疼痛评分,测量术前和术后1d、2d肺功能(用力肺活量FVC、1s用力呼出量FEV1、呼气峰流速PEF)和血气,记录副作用、肺部并发症和术后住院日。结果:①镇痛效果术后1d、2d硬外组静息和咳嗽VAS评分低于静脉组,但无统计学意义(P>0.05);②呼吸功能在术后1d、2d 2组肺功能FVC、FEV1、PEF)、动脉血气、呼吸频率无显著差异(P>0.05);③副作用无显著差异;④均无肺部合并症发生,术住院日无显著差异。结论:曲马多复合芬太尼静脉镇痛应用于开胸手术镇痛效果可行,操作简单,为该类手术镇痛提供了又一种选择。
关键词: 曲马多; 镇 痛; 肺功能; 开胸术
Effects of Pain and Their Effect on Pulmonary Function of Tramadol with Fentanyl on Patient-controlled Analgesia for Postthoracotomy
Abstract: Objective: To observe the effects of pain and their effect on pulmonary function of tramadol with fentanyl on patient-controlled analgesia for postthoracotomy. Method: Sixty patients, ASA grade I~II, undergoing elective pneumonecotomy were randomly divided into two groups: group I(n=30), received patient-controlled analgesia(PCA)with intravenous of tramadol with fentanyl; and group II (n=30)received continuous thoracic epidural bupivacaine with fentanyl. Analgesia was tested using a visual analog pain scale(VAS)(0~10cm). Pulmonary function were measured on 1st and 2nd day postoperatively, The incidence of side-effects, pulmonary complications and the length of hospital stay were also recorded. Results: The pain scores were lower in group II, but compared to group I, there was no significant difference (P>0.05); Pulmonary function and the length of hospital stay was similar in both groups. Conclusion: Tramadol with fentanyl on patient-controlled analgesia is a safe and effective method for postthoracotomy.
Key words: Tramadol; Analgesia; Pulmonary function; Thoracotomy
本文观察曲马多静脉镇痛对开胸患者的效果及对肺功能影响,并与硬膜外镇痛比较。
1 资料与方法
1.1 为避免肺病手术本身对呼吸功能的影响,本组均选择ASAI~II,单一肺叶切除手术患者。60例随机分为2组,每组30例。观察组:静脉镇痛:男19例,女11例,年龄15~67岁,平均(40.08±26.89)岁,体重(46.2±16.3)kg;手术种类为左肺肺叶切除16例,右肺叶切除14例。对照组为硬膜外镇痛,男性21例,女性9例;年龄17~67岁,平均(40.74±21.34)岁,体重(45.3±15.6)kg;手术种类为左肺肺叶切除17例,右肺叶切除13例。两组麻醉方法、术中用药、手术时间基本一样,具有可比性,术中及术后均留置尿管。
1.2 镇痛方法:观察组:1%曲马多+1.5μg/ml芬太尼;对照组:0.125%布比卡因+芬太尼2μg/kg[1];为防止术后恶心呕吐的发生,镇痛泵中均加2.5mg氟哌利多。均在手术结束前1h给首剂之后接镇痛泵,术后镇痛持续约48h。
1.3 观察内容:①镇痛效果:使用0~10cm视觉模拟疼痛评分尺,分别记录术后24、48h静息和咳嗽疼痛评分。术前1d教会患者评分尺使用。②肺功能:测试术前及术后1d、2d坐位时FVC、FEV1、PEF,取三次测量值的最大值并记录并将术后值换算为术前值的百分比。术前一日教会患者肺功能仪的使用,测定术前及术后1d、2d动脉血气,抽取动脉血标本前停止吸氧30min。记录患者术前及术后1d、2d坐位呼吸频率。③副作用:包括恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制(呼吸频率< 1次/分或PaCO2>50mmHg)、低血压(收缩压< 90mmHg或降低超过术前值20%以上)、运动阻滞(改良Bromage)、镇静程度。④肺部合并症(肺部感染、肺不张)、手术后住院天数。
1.4 统计学分析:应用SPSS10.0统计软件,计量资料以均数±标准差(±s ),组内采用配对t检验,组间比较用团体t检验,以P<0.05为显著性差异。2 结果
2.1 镇痛效果:(见表1)术后1d、2d对照组静息和咳嗽VAS评分低于观察组,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
责编:杨盛昌
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