- 讲师:刘萍萍 / 谢楠
- 课时:160h
- 价格 4580 元
特色双名师解密新课程高频考点,送国家电网教材讲义,助力一次通关
配套通关班送国网在线题库一套
一、引言
从事语法教学日久,且每年指导英语专业学生论文写作,从中愈加认识到英语语法学习之于毕业论文写作的重要性,在语法教学的过程中亦多有侧重。然而经过论文指导和思考研究,发现有些语法要点在英语专业的毕业论文写作中作用很大,但是在实际的语法教学中,因语法项目较多、学时有限,这些内容多被一带而过甚至忽略,其中就包括了直接引语与间接引语的使用、时态的一致性、句式的选用等。
二、直接引语与间接引语的使用
在英语专业毕业论文写作的过程中必然会用到他者的论断,或引以为理论支持,或作为驳论的依据。直接引用他人的观点在论文写作中出现的频率较高,也十分必要,因为直接引用为当前的论文提供直接而有力的证据,也使论文更显得真实和生动。然而直接引用过多就会显得作者个人观点陈述不够,如果引用文过长也会影响读者对论文本身的阅读,英语专业毕业论文写作MLA格式中规定,较短的引用,一页不超过两个,较长的引用,三四页只能有一个。此时,学生就可以采用间接引语,避免过多使用引号或大段引用。但在引用的过程中,学生多有谬误。
英语语法中所述之间接引语,其规则大抵不多,如将人称变换(如I变为he/she),代词转换(如this变为that),地点的转换(如here变为there)等等,但实际操作中又不止于此,有时因为直接引语的句式等的差异,变为间接引语的时候还要对直接引语进行适当的概述和总结。
例1、不够清楚的概述:
Penniless and hungry,Jane is forced to beg for food and then she is accepted by St. Jone and his sisters,after a long time they tell her that her uncle is also his uncle but he has died and left her a large fortune.
清楚的表达:
Penniless and hungry,Jane is forced to beg for food and then accepted by St. Jone and his sisters. After a long time they tell Jane that her uncle is also his [Jone's] uncle but this uncle has died and left her a large fortune.
由上例可以看出,引用文需要遵循语法规则,包括时态的一致性、主谓一致、名词代词的前后照应等,如果引用文中某些代词的指代不明,则需要用括号指代清楚。
如果引用文的时态和与论文行文不一致,则需要尽量缩短直接引用文的长度,采用间接引语,或在文中标出已经改过的使时态一致的词;如下文:
例2、不够清楚的表达:
If he thought,as he wrote in his diary in the late 1990s,that "one's life is just a tragedy," then what would he say of people's life today?
清楚的表达:
(1) If he thought,as he wrote in his diary in the late 1990s,that one's life was "just a tragedy," then what would he say of people's life today?
(2) If he though in his day,"one's life [was] a tragedy," what would he say of people's life today?
直接引用和间接引用也可以同时出现在一段话中(如(1)中所示),因为如果概述过多使文章显得平铺直叙、缺乏起伏,很难长久吸引读者的眼球,在概述的同时穿插一些短语式的直接引用可以使文章生动易懂。
三、时态的一致性
在写作过程中,学生常常会将现在时或过去时杂糅在一起,如在叙述文学作品时未保持时态的一致性;在表达自己的观点时也有用过去时的情形。需知:一般现在时和一般过去时各有侧重,但课堂教学中教师可能不会过多提及在论文写作中的时态运用,因为教科书中的时态本身就多而复杂,在教学过程中不会占用太多的时间对论文书写的时态作专题探讨。
责编:杨盛昌
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