Engines Translations

     1) The engine is the power plant that produces the energy needed to propel the vehicleand operate other systems. It converts the heat energy of a fuel (gasoline, diesel，alcohol,etc) into movement. The burning and expansion of the gases in the combustion chamberproduces pressure. The engine piston, connecting rod and crankshaft convert this pressureinto motion for moving the car and operating other systems.

    译：发动机是驱动汽车和运行车上其他系统所需能量的动力源。发动机将一种燃料（汽油、柴油、乙醇等）的热能转化为运动。燃气在燃烧室燃烧并膨胀，产生压力。发动机活塞、连杆和曲轴将这种压力转换为运动，从而推动汽车行进并使其他系统运行。

    2) Four separate piston strokes are needed to produce one cycle, which are intakestroke，compression stroke, power stroke and exhaust stroke.

    译：（发动机）一个工作过程（周期）包括四个不同冲程：进气冲程、压缩冲程、做功冲程和排气冲程。

    3) Valvetrain opening/closing and duration, as well as the geometry of the valvetrain,controls the amount of air and fuel entering the combustion chamber at any given point intime.

    译：配气机构通过开闭和持续时间及其几何形状来控制进人燃烧室的空气和燃油的总量。