主语+系动词+表语,
如:Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be…句型,表示存在某种事物,如:There is a map on the wall?其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后,也要保持be动词,不要换用have,
如:There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题,即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点:
① 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数,但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式,
如:A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。
②有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数,
如: The news is good (news 为不可数名词)。
③ 有量词时应按量词的数量计算;如: This pair of glasses is good? My glasses are broken.
④有些形单却意为复数的名词,如: People are coming here? 这样的词还有 Police, 如果要讲一个警察时,应讲 a policeman。 两个警察为 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen?
⑤ 所有不定代词 each, either, neither, one, the other, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, someone, something … 要作为单数如: Someone is waiting for you? 在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有: and not only … but also, neither … nor, either … or? 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。 表示转折关系的并列连词有: but 和 yet, 如: She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如: I think the news is strange, yet it is true? 表示选择关系的连词有:or, either … or,如: Hurry up, or you will be late for school? 表示因果关系的并列连词有: for, so 如: They studied very hard, so they all passed the exam? 在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种,而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述,为了使同学阅读文章方便,我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。
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