2018成人高考专升本《英语》预习资料：被动语态

 　被动语态

　　一般现在时的被动语态：

　　承受者 + be (is/am/are) + done(过去分词)+ by + 执行者。

　　eg. Many schools are built(done)every year in the city.

　　注意：地点状语，时间状语一般都放在句末;in the city 特指。

　　其中be的使用取决于主语的单复形式。

　　A lot of修饰可数和不可数名词

　　Many修饰可数名词

　　Mach修饰不可数名词

　　主动：They all read(原形)English every day.

　　被动：English read (过去分词)by all of them every day.

　　主动：Mother often scolds me.

　　被动：I am often scolded by mother.

　　一般过去式的被动语态：

　　承受者 + be (was/were) + done(过去分词)+ by + 执行者(不明确时可省略)。

　　eg. 主动：He repaired his bike yesterday.

　　被动：His bike was repaired by him yesterday.

　　主动：Children cleaned many streets last Sunday.

　　被动：Many streets were cleaned by children last Sunday.

　　现在进行时的被动语态：

　　承受者 + be (is/am/are) + being(现在分词)+ done + by + 执行者(不明确时可省略)。

　　eg. 主动：He is writing his composition.

　　被动：His composition is being written by him.

　　注意：write – wrote - written

　　过去进行时的被动语态：

　　承受者 + be (was/were) + being(现在分词)+ done + by + 执行者(不明确时可省略)。

　　eg. 主动：He was majoring computer during his college.

　　被动：Computer was being majored by him during his college.

　　将来时的被动语态：

　　承受者 + be going to/will (shall) be动词原形/be to be done + by + 执行者(不明确时可省略)。

　　eg.1 A big supermarket will/shall/be to be built here next year

　　注意：be to用以表示计划或安排好的动作或行为。

　　eg.2 The flight is to leave for Hefei city.

　　现在完成时的被动语态：

　　承受者 + have(复数主语)/has been done + by + 执行者(不明确时可省略)。

　　eg. 主动：Our School has finished many scientific researches.

　　被动：Many scientific researches have been finished by our school.

　　将来时态的被动语态：

　　承受者 + (be going to/will/shall/be to) + have been done + by + 执行者。

　　eg. 主动：We'll have finished the book by the end of September.

　　被动：The book will/shall have been finished by the end of September.

　　注意：by the end of 短语的用法

　　(1)Will have done by the end of + 将来时态

　　(2)Had done by the end of + 过去完成时态

　　eg. The project had been made by the end of last week.