一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写
要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元音字母(a,e,i,o,u),字母的正确占格及单词间距。
二、be动词的用法
be动词有三种变形,分别是:am,is,are。记忆口诀:
"我"用am,"你"用are,is用于"他、她、它";单数全都用is,复数全部都用are。
三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)
1、三种人称:第一人称(I,we),第二人称(you,you),第三人称(he,she,it,Maria)。
2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态:I,We,You,You,He,She,It,Maria。
3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态:me,us,you,you,him,her,it。
4、形容词性物主代词:my,our,your,your,his,her,its,their。
5、名词性物主代词:mine,ours,yours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs。
6、反身代词:myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves。
四、基数词(表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数)
zero,one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty,twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-nine,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety,one hundred,one hundred and one。
五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句
1、一般疑问句:能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。
2、特殊疑问句:不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。
六、可数名词变复数
可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1、规则变化:
(1)一般情况直接在词尾加"-s",如:cake-cakes,bag-bags,day-days,face-faces,orange-oranges等;
(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,要在词尾加"-es",如:bus-buses,watch-watches,box-boxes等;
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加"-es",如:baby-babies,country-countries,family-families等;
(4)部分以f(e)结尾的词,变f(e)为"ves",如:knife-knives,half-halves等;
(5)以o结尾的词,加"-s"或"-es",如:zoo-zoos,photo-photos,tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀:除了"英雄"hero外,凡是能吃的,加"-es",不能吃的加"-s"。
2、不规则变化:
(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth等;
(2)单、复同形:sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese等;
(3)其他形式:mouse-mice,child-children等。
七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则
最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当。
主谓一致原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称"三单")时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非"三单"时,谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变"三单"的规则如下:
(1)一般动词在词尾加"-s",如:like-likes,tell-tells,play-plays等;
(2)以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词加"-es",如:guess-guesses,teach-teaches,watch-watches等;
(3)以o结尾的动词一般加"-es",如:do-does,go-goes等;
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加"-而是",如:fly-flies,carry-carries等;
(5)have的三单形式是has。
八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词)
冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a,an)两种。
1、定冠词the表示"特指",可译为"这个"、"那个"、"这些"、"那些"。
2、不定冠词a,an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是"一个"。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前。
3、不定冠词a,an与基数词one的区别是:不定冠词不是刻意强调"数量",而基数词则强调"数量"。
九、助动词(do,does)的用法
只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例:
(1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及"主谓一致"原则。
eg:I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
(2)当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词:当主语为"三单"时,要使用does;当主语为"非三单"时,用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句:
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.
They like sports.------They don't like sports.
(3)当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句:
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food?Yes,he does./No,he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music?Yes,they do./No,they don't.
十、名词所有格
1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk;Ann's and Maria's bikes;
2、用of表示"......的",但要从of后往of前翻译:a book of mine(我的一本书)
3、have与of的区别:
have一般表示"主动拥有",往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能"主动拥有",表示所属关系时要用of。例如:
I have a new bike.She has two big eyes.
a door of the house
1、Unit 1--Unit 2
(1)问候语:
Good morning/afternoon/evening.
How are you?---Just OK,thank you.How are you?---Not bad,thanks.
Hi!Hello!
How do you do?
(2)道别用语:
Nice/Glad to meet/see you.(meet用于初次见面,see用于熟人间)
Nice to meet/see you,too.
Goodbye.Byebye.Bye.See you(later/tomorrow/next time)!So long!Good night!
(3)介绍人或者物的句型:This is...
(4)Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别:
Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意,而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。
(5)词组be from=come from
(6)当问句中问到this/that时,回答要用it;问到these/those时,要用they来回答。例如:What's this in English?----It's an eraser.
What are those?----They are books.
(7)对Thanks.的回答:That's OK./You're welcome./My pleasur.
(8)look the same=have the same looks
give sth.to sb.=give sb.sth.
be like=look like
in the tree/on the tree(树上结的、长出来的用on,否则用in)
in red(穿着红色的衣服)
in the desk(在空间范围之内)
in English(用英语)
help sb.do sth.
(9)both与all的区别:
both表示"两者都......";all表示"三者及以上都......"。
2、Unit 3--Unit 4
(1)speak的用法
speak与say不同:speak表示"说"的动作,不表示"说"的内容;say则表示"说"的内容。
speak后面除了能接"语言"外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to则表示"对......说"。
help sb.with sth.(帮助某人做/补习......)
want to do sth.(想要做某事)
would like to do sth.
not...at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意)
like...a lot=like...very much
(2)some和any的区别:
口诀:some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any。例如:
I have some money.
I don't have any money.
Do you have any money?
(3)have a seat=take a seat(请随便坐)
(4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)
祈使句一般都省略了主语You,所以其否定句直接用Don't开头。例如:
Don't go there!
(5)问职业:
What does sb.do?
What is sb.?
What's sb.'s job?
(6)work与job的区别:
work是未必有报酬的"工作",例如homework,housework;而job则一定是有报酬的"工作"。
(7)on指在物体的表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如:
on the desk/wall/farm/playground
(8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里)
look after(照料/照顾/照看)
help oneself(请自便/随便吃)
(9)表示"建议"的句型:"做某事如何?"
What about(doing)sth.?(英式英语)
How about(doing)sth.?(美式英语)
Why don't you do sth.?=Why not do sth.?
(10)"吃"一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/lunch/supper
have...for breakfast/lunch/supper
take one's order
be kind to sb.
(11)try on这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间。
(12)在口语中往往用take表示"买"。
(13)how many与how much的区别:
how many+可数名词;how much+不可数名词
(14)What do you think of...?是询问对方对某事物的看法;
How do you like...?是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。
think about(考虑)
Thank you all the same.(即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢)
Thanks.=Thank you.(thank作为动词,不能单独使用。)
(15)one与it的区别:
当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如:
Ann:I have a yellow bag.
Jane:I have a green one.
Tom:Hey,Mike.Where is your bike?
Mike:Look,it's over there.
(16)倒装句
Here you are.
Here it is.
(17)be free(有空/免费)
forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)
forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)
What's up?=What's wrong with...?=What's the matter with...?
(18)go+v.-ing结构的含义:为了实现某目的才去的。例如:
go fishing/boating/swimming/shopping等
(19)have to do sth.(非主观因素,强调客观因素,"不得不去做某事")
must则表示主观愿望
(20)fly a kite=fly kites
be free=have time
(21)句型"该干某事了。":It's time to do sth.=It's time for sth.
例如:该吃午饭了.
It's time to have lunch.=It's time for lunch.
(22)时间的表述
当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时,用"分钟"past"小时"。例如:
8:23--twenty-three past eight
当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时,用"剩余的时间"to"下一个整点"。例如:
8:49--eleven to nine
当然,还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间,例如:
8:23--eight twenty-three;8:49--eight forty-nine
整点则在数词后加"-o'clock",例如:8:00--eight o'clock
在钟点前介词要用at.
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